University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 3-16-2015 Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring of Solitary Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring of Solitary Robert Philip O'Brien University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Computer Engineering Commons, and the Geriatrics Commons Scholar Commons Citation O'Brien, Robert Philip, "Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring of Solitary Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring of Solitary" (2015). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5546 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Embedded System Design for Real-time Monitoring of Solitary Alzheimer’s Patients at Home by Robert Philip O’Brien A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Srinivas Katkoori, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Meredeth Rowe, Ph.D. Yu Sun, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 16, 2015 Keywords: Dementia, Caregiving, Wireless, Printed Circuit Board, Microcontroller Copyright © 2015, Robert Philip O’Brien Dedication I dedicate this work to my family, the most important people in my life. Acknowledgments I would first like to formally acknowledge Dr. Meredeth Rowe for providing the opportunity and the funding to work on this project. For this and her expertise in the area, she has my grati- tude. I would also like to thank Dr. Srinivas Katkoori for his guidance, assistance, and feedback throughout this work, my Honors thesis, and the rest of my academic career as a student of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of South Florida. I give thanks to Dr. Yu Sun for volunteering his time to serve as a member on my thesis committee. I thank my brother for being my competition and an inspiration, driving me to go for more. He has always been a source of advice, assistance, and aspirations. I would also like to acknowledge the friends I’ve made and the colleagues I’ve acquainted for their efforts at some point in my academic career: Christopher Bell, Joseph Botto, Nouredd- ine Elmehraz, Dustin Eyers, Anirudh Iyengar, Mathew Johnson, Andrew Knutson, Matthew Le- wandowski, Matthew Morrison, James Muldoon, and Tracy Wolf. Table of Contents List of Tables............................................................................ iii List of Figures...........................................................................v Abstract................................................................................ vii Chapter 1: Introduction................................................................1 1.1 Proposed Embedded System Overview......................................2 1.1.1 Novelty and Contributions.........................................3 1.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages......................................3 1.2 Outline of Thesis...........................................................4 Chapter 2: Remote Monitoring Systems — Related Work...............................5 2.1 Philips Lifeline.............................................................5 2.2 BeClose....................................................................6 2.3 Care Innovations QuietCare................................................6 2.4 CareGenesis CareAlert.....................................................7 2.5 Chapter Summary..........................................................8 Chapter 3: Proposed Embedded System — Design and Implementation..................9 3.1 Sensors Used in the System................................................. 11 3.1.1 Eating Detection................................................... 11 3.1.2 Coarse Localization................................................ 16 3.2 Sensor Nodes............................................................... 18 3.2.1 Hardware.......................................................... 18 3.2.2 XBee RF Module Configuration.................................... 21 3.3 Coordinator Node.......................................................... 23 3.3.1 Hardware.......................................................... 24 3.3.2 Software........................................................... 25 3.4 Central Server.............................................................. 28 3.4.1 Hardware.......................................................... 29 3.4.2 Software........................................................... 31 3.5 Algorithm for Eating Detection............................................. 39 3.6 Algorithm for Coarse Localization.......................................... 43 3.7 User Interface.............................................................. 47 3.8 System Cost................................................................ 50 3.9 Chapter Summary.......................................................... 51 i Chapter 4: Experimental Results....................................................... 52 4.1 Eating Detection........................................................... 53 4.1.1 Test 1.............................................................. 55 4.1.2 Test 2.............................................................. 56 4.1.3 Test 3.............................................................. 57 4.2 Coarse Localization......................................................... 58 4.2.1 Test 1.............................................................. 62 4.2.2 Test 2.............................................................. 64 4.2.3 Test 3.............................................................. 66 4.3 Chapter Summary.......................................................... 66 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Work.............................................. 69 5.1 Future Work............................................................... 69 5.1.1 Interface Improvements............................................ 69 5.1.2 Reducing Hardware Complexity.................................... 70 5.1.3 Increasing Responsiveness and Reducing Power Consumption....... 71 5.1.4 Decreasing System Cost............................................ 73 5.1.5 Supporting Sensor Node Configurability........................... 74 5.1.6 Eating Detection and Localization Enhancements................... 74 References.............................................................................. 76 Appendix A: Further Information on System Hardware................................ 78 A.1 Reed Switch............................................................... 78 A.2 Force-Sensitive Resistor.................................................... 79 A.3 Photoelectric Sensor....................................................... 80 A.4 XBee RF Modules by Digi International.................................... 82 Appendix B: Additional Figures........................................................ 84 Appendix C: Database Setup for System Testing........................................ 87 ii List of Tables Table 1 Bill of materials for a single sensor node......................................... 21 Table 2 XBee RF module configuration parameters...................................... 23 Table 3 Bill of materials for the coordinator node........................................ 24 Table 4 Main data structure used in the coordinator node software....................... 28 Table 5 Special instructions supported by the coordinator node.......................... 28 Table 6 Format of packets coming from the coordinator node............................ 38 Table 7 Estimated system cost for a three-room home................................... 50 Table 8 Details of sensor setup used in the eating detection tests.......................... 55 Table 9 Eating detection test 1 results................................................... 55 Table 10 Details of sensor activities in eating detection test 1............................. 56 Table 11 Eating detection test 2 results.................................................. 57 Table 12 Details of sensor activities in eating detection test 2............................. 57 Table 13 Eating detection test 3 results.................................................. 58 Table 14 Details of sensor activities in eating detection test 3............................. 58 Table 15 Adjacency list created by the system for the localization test setup.............. 61 Table 16 Localization test 1 results...................................................... 63 Table 17 Details of sensor activities in localization test 1................................. 63 Table 18 Localization test 2 results...................................................... 65 Table 19 Details of sensor activities in localization test 2................................. 65 iii Table 20 Localization test 3 results...................................................... 67 Table 21 Details of sensor activities in localization test 3................................. 67 Table C.1 Contents of radio table in database for test trials............................... 87 Table C.2 Contents of direction table in database for test