ERITREA EDUCATION SECTOR PLAN FEBRUARY 01, 2018 1 October 26, 2017 MAP OF ERITREA NB:This map is solely for the purpose of indicating the location of the administrative regions (Zobas) 2 CONTENTS MAP OF ERITREA ........................................................................................................................ 2 CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 10 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................ 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................. 22 NATIONAL CONTEXT ......................................................................................................... 22 1.1 Geographic and Demographic Features ....................................................................... 22 1.2 Demographic and Administrative Profile .................................................................... 22 1.3 Macroeconomic Context .............................................................................................. 24 1.4 The Education Context ................................................................................................. 24 1.5 Process of Developing the ESP 2018-2022.................................................................. 27 1.6 Relationship between Education and Development ..................................................... 28 1.7 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................... 29 1.7.1 System Capacity and Management ........................................................................... 30 1.7.2 Institutional Structure ................................................................................................ 30 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................. 32 CURRENT STATUS OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR ....................................................... 32 2.1 Overall Sector Conditions ............................................................................................ 32 2.2 Access and Equity ........................................................................................................ 34 2.2.1 Pre-Primary Level ..................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Primary Level ............................................................................................................ 36 2.2.3 Middle Level ............................................................................................................. 39 2.2.4 Secondary Level ........................................................................................................ 41 2.2.5 Technical Vocational Education and Training – TVET............................................ 42 2.2.6 Adult and Non-Formal Education ............................................................................. 47 2.3 Quality and Relevance ................................................................................................. 52 3 2.4 System Capacity and Management .............................................................................. 56 2.4.1 Organization Structure and Decentralization ............................................................ 57 2.4.2 Performance of Administrative Structures ................................................................ 57 2.4.3 Educational Management Information System (EMIS) ............................................ 60 2.5 Management of Teachers ............................................................................................. 61 2.5.1 Quantitative Analysis of Teacher Management ........................................................ 61 2.5.2 Qualitative Aspect of the Management of Teachers ................................................. 62 2.6 The Management of Other Resources and Teaching Time .......................................... 76 2.7 Present Situation: Cross-Cutting Issues ....................................................................... 82 2.7.1 Special Needs and Inclusive Education .................................................................... 82 2.7.2 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) .............................................. 83 2.7.3 Education in Emergencies ......................................................................................... 85 2.7.4 Girls Education .......................................................................................................... 86 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................. 89 THE EDUCATION SECTOR PLAN (ESP) 2018-2022 PROGRAMME OVERVIEW ....... 89 3.1 Overall ESP Goal, Objectives, Strategies and Targets................................................. 89 3.2 Equitable access ........................................................................................................... 90 3.3 Relevance and Quality ................................................................................................. 90 3.4 System Capacity and Management .............................................................................. 91 3.5 Strategies ...................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................. 93 PROGRAM PRIORITY ACTIONS ........................................................................................ 93 4.1. Priority I Access and Equity ....................................................................................... 93 4.1.1 Pre-primary................................................................................................................ 93 4.1.2 Primary Education ..................................................................................................... 94 4.1.3 Middle Education Level ............................................................................................ 96 4.1.4 Secondary Education Level ....................................................................................... 98 4.1.5 Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) .......................................... 100 4.1.6 Non-formal Adult Education and Literacy.............................................................. 101 4.2 Priority II. Quality and Relevance: ............................................................................ 102 4.2.1 Pre-Primary Education ............................................................................................ 102 4 4.2.2 Primary Education ................................................................................................... 103 4.2.3 Middle Education .................................................................................................... 103 4.2.4 Secondary Education ............................................................................................... 104 4.2.5 Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) .......................................... 105 4.2.6 Non-Formal and Adult Literacy .............................................................................. 105 4.2.7 Teacher Education ................................................................................................... 107 4.3 Priority III. System capacity and Management (Part I): ............................................ 109 4.3.1 Pre-Primary Education ............................................................................................ 109 4.3.2 Primary Education ................................................................................................... 109 4.3.3 Middle Education .................................................................................................... 109 4.3.4 Secondary Education ............................................................................................... 110 4.3.5 Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET)Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.6 Non-Formal and Adult Literacy .............................................................................. 110 4.3.7 Teacher Education ................................................................................................... 110 4.3.8 Priority III. System capacity and Management (Part II): ........................................ 110 4.4 Cross-Cutting Programmes ........................................................................................ 113 4.4.1 Special Needs and Inclusive Education .................................................................. 113 4.4.2 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) ............................................ 114 4.4.3 Education and Emergencies ...................................................................................