Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12303-8 — The Unforgettable Queens of Islam Shahla Haeri Index More Information Index abangan, 187 succession and, 23, 50, 51–52, Abbasi, Safdar, 168 54–57 Abbasid caliphate, 14 ʿUthman and, 58–59, 60–62, 71–72 Abbott, Nabia, 14, 56, 59, 63, 65, as wife and daughter, 57–60 73–74 Aitegin, Malik Ikhtiyar al-Din, 117, Abish Khatun, 7–8 122–123 Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi. See Nizam ʿAli (caliph), 54–55, 62, 70 al-Mulk ʿAʾisha opposing, 2, 51, 55, 58, 60, 61–68 Abu Bakr (caliph), 57, 59 in Shiʿism, 54, 169 Abu Bakra, 51, 73–75 Ali, Jam Sadiq, 163–164 Aceh, Sultanate of, 6–7 ʿAli b. Muhammad al-Sulayhi, 82–84, Adam and Eve, Quranic story of, 75 101–102 Adopt a Queen class project, xiv Allen, Brooke, 165, 174, 176, 179 al-Afdal b. Badr al-Jamali, 97, 98–99 Altunia, Ikhtiyar al-Din Afghanistan, 161–162 Razia and, 106–107, 117–118, 121–124, for girls, education struggle in, 5 125, 130, 133–134 Pakistan and, 156–157, 161 Yaqut and, 117–118, 121–124, 133–134 US in, 170 Al-Zulfikar Organization (Pakistan) (AZO), Afsaruddin, Asma, x–xi, 6 160, 161–163 Ahmed, Durre, 151, 175 Amir b. Sulayman al-Zawahi, 92 Ahsan, Aitzaz, 155–159, 160, 168 al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, 79–80, 98–101, ʿAʾisha, 58, 60, 63, 67 102, 103 Caliph ʿAli opposed by, 2, 51, 55, 58, 60, Anderson, Benedict, 199 61–68 Anwar, Raja, 160, 161, 167 in Battle of the Camel, 1–2, 19, 23, 50, ʿaql (wisdom), 47 51, 54–57, 58–67, 68, 69–70, 184 Arab military leaders, female, 65 defeat of, 19, 67–68, 71 Arab Spring, ix female political authority and, 51, 54–57, Arwa (queen), xi–xii, 49, 229 72–73, 75–76, 225 authority of, gender and, 90–92, 221 gender and defeat of, 23 authority of, not religiously contested, 24 hadith occasioned by, 1, 51–52, as Bilqis al-Sughra, 80 73–75, 184 family background of, 82–85, 101–102, as Mother of the Faithful, 55–56, 57–60, 228–229 63–64, 68, 71 Fatimid dynasty and, 23–24, 79–80, 82, political authority of, 19, 56, 58–60, 86–87, 92, 94–95, 96–104, 131, 221 63–64, 65–66, 68, 69–70, 75–76 gender roles and, 84–86, 90–92, Purandokht and, 51–52 101–102, 103–105, 221 recorded legacy of, 55–57, 58–59 hadith on female rulers and, 103–104 religious authority of, 55–56 as hujja,23–24, 79–80, 89–92, 96, Shiʿites on, 55, 66 100–102, 103–105, 221 slander against, 55–56, 65 India and, 86, 89, 101 soldiers supporting, 63–64, 66–67, 68–71 al-Khattab and, 90–91, 99–100, 221 247 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12303-8 — The Unforgettable Queens of Islam Shahla Haeri Index More Information 248 Index Arwa (queen) (cont.) Bahram Shah, 110, 123–124 marriage proposal to, 93–95, 104–105 Balban, Ghiyas al-Din, 110–111, 136 al-Mustansir Billah and, 23–24, 79, 82, Balban, Izz al-Din, 118 89–92, 93–95, 103, 104–105, 221 Bangladesh political acumen of, 23–24, 81–82, female leadership in, 203, 220, 228 92–96, 98–99, 102–103, 104–105, independence war of, 144–145 221–222 Barani, Ziya al-Din, 107 political authority of, 21, 80, 82, 87, Basra, 67–68 89–90, 92–96, 100–103, 104–105, Bathsheba, 33 221, 224–225, 228 Beauvoir, Simone de, 91 as queen, 96–105 Beg, Mirza Aslam, 154, 156, 157–158 as queen consort, 85–89 Begums, Bhopal, 6–7, 110–111 as queen regent, 89–90 Berbers, 86 secret history of, 80–81 Bhopal, India, 6–7, 110–111 shrine of, 105 Bhutto, Begum Nusrat spiritual authority of, 21, 79–80, 82, Bhutto, Benazir, and, 142–143, 148, 89–92, 100–102, 103–105, 164–166, 168–169, 228–229 221–222 Bhutto, M., and, 160, 164–166, 167, Sulayhid dynasty and, 79–80, 82, 228–229 103–104, 105 Bhutto, Z. A., and, 142–143, 148, Tayyibi Ismaʿilis and, 23–24, 79–80, 165–166 90, 98–102, 103, 105, 120–121, Bhutto, Benazir, xi, 133 221–222 assassination of, 11, 141, 152, 160, veiling and, 86 176–178, 182, 217 in Yemen, modern, 82 Bhutto, Begum, and, 142–143, 148, Asma bint Shihab, 83–85 164–166, 168–169, 228–229 Assaf Barkhia, 43 Bhutto, M., and, 24, 148, 150, 159, Ataturk, 217 160–168, 227, 228–229 Aurangzeb, 225–226 Bhutto, Sanam, on, 146–147, 160, authority 174, 227 of Arwa, gender and, 90–92, 221 Bhutto, Z. A., and, 11, 142–143, of Arwa, not religiously contested, 24 144–145, 146–147, 160–161, of Razia, not religiously contested, 24, 165–166, 178–179, 216–218, 226, 221, 222 227, 229 authority, charismatic. See charisma charismatic authority of, 25, 181 authority, political, 227–229 dynastic struggle and, 150, 160–161, of ʿAʾisha, 19, 56, 58–60, 63–64, 68 163–168, 226 ʿAʾisha and female, 51, 54–57, 72–73, family and background of, 141–143, 147, 75–76, 225 148, 216–218, 223–224 of Arwa, 21, 80, 82, 87, 89–90, 92–96, as goddess/mother, 151–152, 180–181 100–103, 104–105, 221, 224–225, hadith invoked against, 2, 25, 50, 51, 228 154–155, 181–182, 217, 223–224 of Razia, 119–120, 121–122, 126–127, ISI and, 152–153, 154, 156–157, 136–137, 224–225, 228 161–162, 164, 167–168, 176–177 of Sheba, Queen of, 31–33, 38, 40, legacy of, 150–151, 180–182 47–49, 50, 74, 184, 230 Megawati compared with, 21, 25, veiling and, 11–12 216–218, 220, 223–225 authority, spiritual Musharraf and, 170, 171–174, 176–178, of ʿAʾisha, 55–56 179–180, 181 of Arwa, 21, 79–80, 82, 89–92, 100–102, as prime minister, 141–142, 146, 150 103–105, 221–222 as prime minister, first term of, 153–159 Aybek, Qutb al-Din, 107–109, 110, 118 as prime minister, second term of, Azarmidokht, 52–53, 90–91 159–161, 163–169 AZO. See Al-Zulfikar Organization for prime minister, campaign of, 25, al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 212 152–153, 227 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12303-8 — The Unforgettable Queens of Islam Shahla Haeri Index More Information Index 249 religious tensions under, 154–155 ʿAʾisha in, 1–2, 19, 23, 50, 51, 54–57, as seeker, 24, 179–180 58–67, 68, 69–70, 184 suit against, 51, 181–182, 223–224 hadith occasioned by, 1, 51–52, 2007 return of, 24, 141–142, 169–176, 73–76 179–180, 181 Talha, Zubayr, and, 60, 66, 68 ˙ ˙ Zardari and, 149–150, 159–160, Carlyle, Thomas, 175 163–164, 166–167, 168, Carter, Jimmy, 205 217–218 Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA Zia ul-Haq regime and, 141, 147–150, charisma, 25–26, 228 152–153 of Bhutto, Benazir, authority and, Bhutto, Fatima 25, 181 on Bhutto, Benazir, 148, 162, 166, of Megawati, authority and, 25, 187 174–175 Weberian, 26, 181, 187 on Bhutto, M., 148, 163, 166, 167 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), Bhutto, Murtaza, 161, 163, 166–167 147, 162 armed struggle of, 148, 160–163 Ciller, Tansu, 203 Bhutto, Begum, and, 160, 164–166, 167, CIMC. See Congress of the Indonesian 228–229 Muslim Community Bhutto, Benazir, and, 24, 148, 150, 159, coins, minting of, 7–8, 86–87, 160–168, 227, 228–229 119–120, 223 murder of, 166–168 concubinage, 30–31, 32, 45–46. See also to Pakistan, return of, 160–161, 163–167 harem, of King Solomon; polygyny Bhutto, Sanam, 148–149, 164, 165 Congress of the Indonesian Muslim on Bhutto, Benazir, 146–147, 160, Community (CIMC), 203–204 174, 227 Cortese, Delia, 80, 81, 85–86, 91 on Bhutto, Z. A., children and, 144, cross-dressing, 134–135. See also gender 146–147, 161, 227 ambiguity Bhutto, Shahnawaz, 161–163 culture, role of, 5–8 Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 142, 161 Bhutto, Begum, and, 142–143, 148, Daftary, Farhad, 87, 91, 99–100, 102 165–166 David (king), 33 Bhutto, Benazir, and, 11, 142–143, Delhi Sultanate, 7–8, 24, 109 144–145, 146–147, 160–161, Aybek founding, 107–109 165–166, 178–179, 216–218, 226, under Iltutmish, 107–110, 112–113, 116, 227, 229 118, 135–136 coup against, 147–148, 161–162, Islam in, 120–121 165–166, 227 siege of, 118–119 as president, 145, 161 slaves in, 107–109, 115–117 Bilqis. See Sheba, Queen of succession in, after Iltutmish, 112–117, Bilqis al-Sughra. See Arwa 135–137 Blackwater, 174–175 depilation, 45–46, 48 Booth, Marilyn, 20 desire (nafs), 47 Boran. See Purankokht devils (ʿifrits), 45 Boston University, xiv Dhu Jibla, Yemen, 86–87, 105 Bridge, Battle of, 53 divorce, 132 Brown, Jonathan A. C., 2 dowry, 130 Bukhari, 2, 74 dupatta, 149–150 Bulliet, Richard, 19–20, 110 dynastic succession. See succession Byzantium, 53–54 education, female Calderini, Simonetta, 84, 85–86, 91 in Afghanistan, struggle for, 5 caliph, definition of, 2 Fatimid dynasty and, 83 caliphate, imamate and, 82 in Pakistan, struggle for, 5 Camel, Battle of the in twelfth to fifteenth centuries, aftermath of, 68 19–20 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12303-8 — The Unforgettable Queens of Islam Shahla Haeri Index More Information 250 Index Egypt.