DOCUMENT RESUME ED 346 252 CE 061 254 AUTHOR Lilly, S. J. TITLE The Tree Worker's Manual. Revised. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service. SPONS AGENCY Ohio State Dept. of Education, Columbus. Agricultural Education Service. REPORT NO AGDEX 953; ISBN-1-56502-001-4 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 145p.; Photographs may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMOhio Agricultural Curriculum Materials Service, 254 Agricultural Administration Bldg., 2120 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1010. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Agronomy; Botany; Clothing; Entry Workers; Equipment; First Aid; Forestry; Hand Tools; Hydraulics; *Instructional Materials; Machine Tools; Occupational Safety and Health; *Plant Identification; Plant Pathology; Postsecondary Education; *Trees ABSTRACT This manual acquaints readers with the general operations of the tree care industry. The manualcovers subjects important to a tree worter and serves as a training aid forworkers at the entry level as tree care professionals. Each chapterbegins with a set of objectives and may include figures, tables, and photographs. Tenchapters are included: (1) the tree vervice industry; (2) clothing, equipment, and tools; (3) the treeworkers; (4) basic tree anatomy; (5) pruning; (6)climbing and working in the tree; (7) aerial lifts; (8) tree identification;(9) identification and treatment of tree problems; and (10) other treecare operations. The manual contains two appendices: first aid proceduresand scientific and common names of selected common plants ofNorth America. A glossary and index are included. (NLA) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. OEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OfficeI Educational Research and Improvement ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (EMI IThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it r Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this dOC u rnenl do not necessarily represent official OERI Position or policy OHIO AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM MATERIALS SERVICE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY - Agricultural Education Service Ohio Department of Education and Department of Agricultural Education TO THE EDUCATIoNAL RESOURCES The Ohio State University INFO.,MATION CENTER (ERIC)." BEST COPY MAUR!2 The Tree Worker's Manual S. J. Lilly First edition 1985 Revision 1992 Ohio Agricultural Education Curriculum Materials Service The Ohio State University Room 254, 2120 Fyffe Road Columbus, Ohio 43210-1010 Phone (614) 292-4848 FOREWORD and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The purpose of The Tree Worker' s Manual is to acquaint the reader with thegeneral operations of the tree care industry. The manual covers a wide variety of subjects that areimportant to a tree worker. Each chapter begins with a set of objectives that should help the student to gain anunderstanding of the material. This minual is intended to serve as a training aid for workers at the entry level as tree careprofessionals. The Tree Worker's Manual was written in cooperation with many peoplein the arboriculture industry. Special recognition and thanks are given to Dr. T. Davis Sydnor, Professor ofHorticulture at The Ohio State University, who served in an advisory capacity. The following people contributed in the preparation of this manual: Joe Lilly, and the crew of Expert Tree Service Dave Ahlum, and the crew of Arbor, Inc. Ted Collins, Ted Collins Associates, Ltd. Bill Miller, American Tree Care, Inc. Vicki Gingas, horticulture instructor, The Ohio State University John Barbee, Barbee Tree Service Illustrations for The Tree Worker's Manual were provided by: Jerry King, Columbus, Ohio, whose artwork appears throughout the manual Tony Baker, Columbus, Ohiocover art Glen Wasserman and Les Powers, Newark, Ohio - art work Dr. T. Davis Sydnor, Department of Horticulture, The Ohio State University,Columbus Denne Goldstein, Arbor Age Magazine, Encino, California Hi-Ranger Mobile Aerial Towers, Inc., Fort Wayne, Indiana Karl Kuemmerling, Inc., Massillon, Ohio Forestry Supplies, Inc., Jackson, Mississippi Sierra Moreno Mercantile Company, Big Pool, Maryland Promark Products West, Inc., City of Industry, California Vermeer Manufacturing Company, Pella, Iowa Al Cook, Dawes Arboretum, Newark, Ohio Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio Asplundh Tree Expert Company, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania Oakland Nursery, Columbus, Ohio Special thanks is extended to the following persons in the Curriculum Materials Service: A.W.Welch, project director in the early stages; Roger Roediger, project director to completion of theproject; Jacqueline Stuts, original phototypesetting and revision editor; and Muriel King, original editor andlayout. John H. Davis, Assistant Director ISBN Number: 1-56502-001-4 Roger D. Roodiger, Director Vocational and Career Education Ohio Agricultural Education Agricultural Education Service Curriculum Materials Service Ohio Department of Education The Ohio State University Copyright 0 1992 Ohio Agricultural Education Curriculum Materials Service The Ohio State University All rights reserved The Ohio Agricultural Education Curriculum Materials Service, as a part of The Ohio State University, is an equal opportunityemployer and does not discriminate against any individual for reasons of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, or pandicap. All instructional materials are available toall potential clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, orhandicap. CONTENTS Chapter 1 The Tree Service Industry 1 Introduction 1 Employment opportunities 2 Job descriptions 3 Chapter 2 Clothing, Equipment, and Tools 7 Clothing and protective gear 7 Climbing saddles and ropes 8 Other tools and equipment 12 Chain saws 16 Trucks, chippers, and stump grinders 19 Chapter 3 The Tree Workers 23 The ground worker 23 Knots and hitches 24 Tree felling, limbing, and bucking 27 Clearing, brush chipping, and clean-up 30 The climber 31 Chapter 4 Basic Tree Anatomy 33 Roots 33 Stems 34 Leaves 35 Photosynthesis and the transport system 39 Flowers and reproduction 39 Chapter 5 Pruning 41 Reasons for pruning 41 When to prune 42 What to prune 42 Equipment 43 Proper pruning techniques 43 Pruning trees to direct growth 44 Drop crotch pruning 45 Treatment of wounds 46 Tool sterilization 47 Pruning conifers 47 Pru-ring hedges 48 Pruning for special effects 48 Chapter 6 Climbing and Working in the Tree 51 Planning ahead 51 Ropes and knots 51 Choice of crotch 52 Rope throw 52 Ascent 53 Working in the tree 56 Electrical hazards 57 Rigging 57 Aerial rescue 59 (conImuud) Chapter 7 Aerial Lifts 61 Aerial lift truck 61 Daily inspections 61 At the job site 62 Working from the bucket 63 Electrical hazards 64 Chapter 8 Tree Identification 65 Plant nomenclature 66 Dcscriptions of some common North American trees 67 Chapter 9 Identification and Treatment of Tree Problems 83 Tree health management 83 Diagnosis of tree problems 84 Symptoms and signs 85 Disease-causing organisms 86 Fungi 86 Bacteria 87 Other disease-causing organisms 87 Insects and other animal pests 87 Environmental injuries 92 Weather-related injuries 92 Soil stress 93 Pollution damage 94 Chemical injury 94 Mechanical injury 94 Trcatmcnt of tree health problems 95 Implants and injections 96 Spray operations 96 Pcsticidc labels 96 Equipment 96 Sprayer calibration 97 Pesticide application 99 Chapter 10 Other Tree Care Operations 101 Planting trees 101 Guy;ng, staking, qnd tree wraps 103 Traiisplanting trees 104 Fertilization 105 Cabling and bracing 106 Lightning protcction systems 110 Protecting trees from construction damage 111 Appendix IFirst Aid Procedures 115 Appendix IISelected Common Plants of North America 119 Scientific name list 119 Common name list 125 Glossary 129 Index 140 CHAPTER 1 The Tree Service Industry Objectives The major goal of Chaptcr 1 is to provide studcnts with an overview of thc trcc service industry, and to acquaint them with the opportunitics and rcquircmcnts for employment. 1. Identify the major divisions within thc industry. 2.Learn the various positions within a typical tree crcw. 3. Become familiar with the requirements and qualifications for cach cmploymcnt classification. Introduction Trcc care is a profcssion for people who likc to work outdoors. It involves working with naturc whilc A career in thc tree care industry can bc both cnduring thc cicmcnts. Most people would cnvy thc rcwarding and fulfilling. The rcsults of a hard day's tree worker on a lovely day, working outsidc in thc work arc immediately apparent. It is gratifying to see trees among thc birds and squirrels. Unfortunatcly, what can be' accomplished with a littic skill, proper not cvcry day is bcautiful, and nature docs not always training, some basic knowledge, and lots of sweat. cooperatc with thc tree worker (figurc 1.1). 7 2 Chapter 1 The tree care professional must be physically fit. Days can be long; endurance is the key to success. Almost every daily task requires strength and stamina. Whether sweltering in the heat or shivering in harsh winter winds, the tree care worker will find it pays to be in shape (figure 1.2). Tree care is a profession in which daily objectives or career goals can