Advances in Engineering Research, volume 167 International Conference on Maritime and Archipelago (ICoMA 2018) Import of Salt: Needs or Interest Desti Relinda Qurniawati Retno Sunu Astuti Kismartini Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Diponegoro University Diponegoro University Diponegoro University Semarang, Indonesia Semarang, Indonesia Semarang, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Salt is an important commodity in the life of a concerning Provisions on Salt Imports and changes occur, country including Indonesia. Indonesian salt production has namely the Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 125 not met the needs, so the government issued import policies as / M-DAG / PER / 12/2015 concerning Provisions on the stated in the Regulation of Minister of Trade No. 125 / M-DAG Import of Salt. / PER / 12/2015 concerning Provisions on the Import of Salt, National salt needs are the total amount of consumption Protection of Salt Farmers. The policy was reinforced by Law and industrial salt in Indonesia. Nationally, the amount of Number 7 of 2016 concerning Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Cultivators and Salt Farmers. In 2018 based production has not been able to meet the needs, so the on Government Regulation Number 9 of 2018 concerning the government considers it necessary to import salt (see table 1). Procedures for Controlling the Import of Fisheries Commodities and Salt Commodities as Raw Materials and TABLE I. NATIONAL SALT BALANCE Assisting Materials, industrial salt import permits are set at Year 2,370,054.45 tons. Pamekasan Regency is one of the salt- Description 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 producing centers in Madura region and has 26,800 tons of 3,3 3,6 3,6 3,4 3,4 4,2 imported salt quota. These conditions lead to rejection because Needs million million million million million million the people's salt supply for the industry is sufficient. Based on tons tons tons tons tons tons secondary data with qualitative descriptive method, this study 2,1 1,1 2,2 2,8 118 916,9 shows that the implementation of Government Regulation Production million million million million thousand thousand Number 9 Year 2018 does not provide protection and welfare tons tons tons tons tons tons for salt farmers, because it causes the people's salt prices to fall even not absorbed to the maximum. The implementation of 2,3 2,1 2,3 1,9 3 2,2 imported salt distribution should be based on the data of salt Imports million million million million million million needs in each region, so that it can be determined how much tons tons tons tons tons tons Source: KKP, BPS, Kompas, Metro TV (researcher’s data). import salt quota must be fulfilled. Keywords—Salt Import, Welfare, Protection, Interest. TABLE II. THE AMOUNT OF SALT PRODUCTION BY PROVINCE Year I. INTRODUCTION Province Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and located on 2014 2015 2016 8,093.90 9,135.84 14,595.47 the equator called Nusantara (Antara Islands) because it Aceh (0.36%) (0.32%) (12.37%) consists of 17,508 islands [1]. The total area of Indonesia is 11,764.71 11,189.87 9,459.16 2 2 NTT 5,180,053 km with a land area of 1,922,570 km and waters (0.53%) (0.39%) (8.01%) 2 193,651,17 162,499.23 9,987.16 3,257,483 km [2]. The data shows that Indonesia is a NTB country where most of its territory is sea. The land area of (8.66%) (5.71%) (8.47%) 7,674.11 10,547.62 499.91 Bali Indonesia is only one third of the total area, while the two- (0.34%) (0.37%) (0.43%) thirds are in the ocean. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Sulawesi 80,203.94 82,869.26 3,577.71 The World Factbook calls Indonesia a maritime country that Selatan (0.28%) (2.91%) (3.04%) has a coastline of 54,716 km2 [3]. Sulawesi 17,080.63 14,243.00 3,795.37 The CIA makes Indonesia the country with the second Tengah (0.76%) (0.5%) (3.22%) 709.83 176.54 Gorontalo - longest coastline in the world, after Canada. One of the (0.03%) (0.16%) resources in the field of marine is salt. Salt is a commodity 921,195.42 1,011,697.13 51,891.82 Jawa Timur that is quite important in the life of a country. Besides being (41.19%) (35.53%) (43.95%) 560,988.43 783,942.50 17,220.55 used for consumption, salt is also needed for industrial Jawa Tengah purposes. As the demand for salt increases, the country (25.08%) (27.53%) (14.51%) 629,403.18 761,007.36 6,887.14 Jawa Barat demands maximum production. Indonesia's natural wealth (28.14%) (26.72%) (5.84%) which is supported by the coastline is wide enough to be the 2,236,404.32 2,847,841.64 118,090.14 Total main capital of the government to produce salt, the reality (100%) (100%) (100%) that happened in 2004 the government issued a policy of Source: KKP Statistics (researcher’s data). importing salt to meet national salt needs in the Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade No. 360 / MPP / Kep / 5/2004 Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 52 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 167 TABLE III. EAST JAVA SALT PRODUCTION carried out dtermining the entry place, type and volume, time Year of entry, and fulfillment of administrative requirements and Regencies 2014 2015 2016 quality standards. Production Production Production Based on Government Regulation Number 9 of 2018 8,641.62 9,500.00 8,110.35 concerning Procedures for Controlling the Import of Bangkalan (0.94%) (0.94%) (15.6%) Fisheries Commodities and Salting Commodities as Raw 8,664.75 16,535.73 195.70 Materials and Assisting Materials for industry, the Gresik (0.94%) (0.94%) (0.4%) government has issued an import permit of 2,370,054.45 tons 10,760.00 12,490.00 1,499.85 [5]. Pamekasan Regency as one of the salt producing centers Pasuruan City (1.2%) (1.2%) (2.9%) gets 26,800 tons of industrial salt import quota. The salt will 156,220.76 86,226.86 2,269.00 Surabaya be for the chemical industry which requires NaCl levels (17%) (8.5%) (4.4%) above 97% [6]. This caused rejection from various parties. A 32,810.00 38,804.00 2,957.20 Lamongan number of activists and salt farmers refused the import of salt (3.6%) (3.8%) (5.7%) that would enter Pamekasan Regency in early 2018 because 89,282.50 123,534.40 9,830.06 Pamekasan the salt stocks are still available and feared to cause losses to (9.7%) (12.2%) (18.9%) salt farmers [7]. Madura Island Salt Society Association 16,086.95 19,354.40 869.50 Pasuruan (AMG) delivered a petition that the entry of salt imports in (1.75%) (1.9%) (1.7%) Pamekasan Regency caused a decline in the price of people's 25,184.82 23,004.51 5,040.62 Probolinggo (2.73%) (2.3%) (9.7%) salt from 2.7 IDR million per ton to 2 million IDR per ton[8]. 256,540.10 398,983.61 7,123.51 The success of the policy in Korten’s view (1988) will Sampang (27.8%) (39.4%) (13.7%) achieve the goal if there is a match between policies and 17,720.52 576.62 benefit groups [9]. Based on Government Regulation Sidoarjo - (1.8%) (1.1%) Number 9 of 2018 in Article 2, it is explained that import 292,051.54 236,117.96 10,161.91 control as referred to in paragraph (1) is carried out to Sumenep (31.7%) (23.3%) (19.6%) guarantee the protection and empowerment of fishermen, fish 24,952.38 29,425.14 3,257.50 cultivators and salt farmers, and to ensure the availability and Tuban (2.7%) (2.8%) (6.3%) distribution of natural resources for domestic industries. In 921,195.42 1,011,697.13 51,891.82 Total fact, in Pamekasan Regency, the policy of controlling salt (100%) (100%) (100%) imports does neither provide benefits nor protect salt farmers. Source: KKP Statistics (researcher’s data). This article will answer the question "Why does Pamekasan Regency get imported salt quota even though it still has sufficient salt supply? East Java Province is one of the salt producers in the ten provinces producing salt. Salt production in East Java was the largest contributor to national salt production during the II. METHOD period 2014 to 2016. In 2014 it contributed 41.19%, 2015 This study utilized descriptive qualitative method. Data contributed 35.53% and 2016 contributed 43.95% (see table sources used in this study are secondary data in the form of 2), consisting of several centers of East Java salt production, documents, regulations, news and information from the there are 12 regencies / cities from 38 regencies / cities in internet. This article utilized the results of interim research East Java, (table 3) which are the percentage of East Java that has been obtained by researchers from the results of people's salt production in 2016 [4]. literature studies and document studies. The selection of the Based on the table above in 2016 the highest salt research location is in Pamekasan Regency, East Java producing regencies/cities were Sumenep Regency, Province.