Stanford Photonics Research Center Stanford Photonics Research Center now incorporating CNOM (Center for Novel Opto-electronic Materials) Annual Report 2003 Stanford University http://www.stanford.edu/group/SPRC © 2003 Stanford University Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................i I. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................1 II. Stanford Photonics Research Center - 2003 ...........................................................................5 III. SPRC Membership..................................................................................................................11 IV. SPRC/CNOM Characterization Facility...............................................................................13 V. Research Program: A. Fundamental Science....................................................................................................................A-1 D.B. Jackrel, and J.S. Harris, “InGaAs and GaInNAs Photodiodes for Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory)”....................................................................A-3 Edo Waks, Eleni Diamanti and Yoshihisa Yamamoto, “Generation of photon number states” ...................................................................................................................................................A-6 H.B. Yuen, S.R. Bank, M.A. Wistey, V. Gambin, W. Ha, J.S. Harris Jr., A. Moto “Growth and characterization of MBE-grown GaNAsSb and GaInNAsSb for long- wavelength optoelectronic devices”...................................................................................................A-10 B. Biophotonics ..................................................................................................................................B-1 G. Schuele, P. Huie, R. Brinkmann, R. Birngruber, A. Vankov, E. Vitkin, H. Fang, E. B. Hanlon, L. T. Perelman, D. Palanker, “Noninvasive monitoring of temperature during retinal laser treatments”........................................................................................................................B-3 E. Thrush, O. Levi, W. Ha, G. Carey, L. Cook, J. Deich, S.J. Smith, W.E. Moerner and J.S. Harris Jr., “Monolithically integrated fluorescence sensor”..........................................................B-6 K. Wang, N. Mehenti, H. Dai, H.A. Fishman, J.S. Harris, “Carbon Nanotubes as Microelectrodes for a Retinal Prosthesis” ............................................................................................B-9 X.J. Zhang, S. Zappe, C-C. Chen, O. Sahin, J. Harris, C. Quate, M. Scott and O. Solgaard, “Silicon microsurgery-force sensor based on diffractive optical MEMS encoders”............................................................................................................................................B-12 C. Nanophotonics ..............................................................................................................................C-1 D.P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, K.B. Crozier, P.J. Schuck, G.S. Kino, C.F.Quate, W.E. Moerner, “Development of Electromagnetically Enhanced Au “Bowtie” Nanostuctures” .................C-3 SPRC 2002 – 2003 i Annual Report Table of Contents J. Hwang, M. M. Fejer and W. E. Moerner, “Exploring Novel Methods of Interferometric Detection of Ultrasmall Phase Shifts”..................................................................................................C-6 Yang Jiao, Shanhui Fan, and David A. B. Miller, “Designing for beam propagation in periodic and nonperiodic photonic nanostructures: extended Hamiltonian method”...........................C-9 J. Matteo, D.Fromm, Y. Yuen, P.J. Shuck and L. Hesselink, “Spectral Analysis of Enhanced Transmission thru Single Nano-Apertures”.......................................................................C-12 Zheng Wang and Shanhui Fan, “Compact all-pass filters in photonic crystals as the building block for high capacity optical delay lines”.........................................................................C-15 Mehmet Fatih Yanik, Shanhui Fan, Marin Soljačić, J. D. Joannopoulos, “High-density Low-power All-optical Logic Gate in Photonic Crystals” .................................................................C-18 D. Telecom..........................................................................................................................................D-1 S. R. Bank, M. A. Wistey, H. B. Yuen, W. Ha, V. Gambin, K. Volz, and J. S. Harris, “1.5 Micron Lasers on Gallium Arsenide”...........................................................................................D-3 Hilmi Volkan Demir, Vijit A. Sabnis, Jun-Fei Zheng, Onur Fidaner, James S. Harris, Jr., and David A. B. Miller, “Novel scalable wavelength-converting crossbars” ......................................D-6 In-Sung Joe, Kyoungsik Yu, and Olav Solgaard, “Flexible, scalable 100Tbps Internet router with an optical switch fabric using optical tunable filters”........................................................D-9 A. Khalili, James S. Harris, “Side-Coupled Waveguide/Fiber Devices” ...........................................D-12 Jonathan R. Kurz, Jie Huang, Xiuping Xie, Martin M. Fejer, “Mode Multiplexing in Optical Frequency Mixers” ................................................................................................................D-16 Carsten Langrock, Rostislav V. Roussev, Jonathan R. Kurz, Martin M. Fejer, “Sum- frequency generation in a PPLN waveguide for efficient single-photon detection at communication wavelengths” ............................................................................................................D-19 Vijit A. Sabnis, Hilmi Volkan Demir, Jun-Fei Zheng, Onur Fidaner, James S. Harris, Jr., and David A. B. Miller, “Novel Optically-switched Electroabsorption Modulators for Wavelength Conversion” ...................................................................................................................D-22 R. Urata, L. Y. Nathawad, K. Ma, D. A. B. Miller, B. A. Wooley, and J. S. Harris, Jr., “Photonic A/D Conversion Using Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs MSM Switches Integrated with Si-CMOS”.................................................................................................................D-25 SPRC 2002 – 2003 ii Annual Report Table of Contents E. Optical Interconnects ................................................................................................................... E-1 Aparna Bhatnagar, Christof Debaes, Ray Chen, Noah Helman, Gordon Keeler, Salman Latif and David A. B. Miller, “Receiver-less Optical Clock Distribution using Short Pulses”................................................................................................................................................. E-3 C.H. Cheng, A.S. Ergun, and B.T. Khuri-Yakub, “Electrical through silicon wafer interconnects for high frequency photodetector arrays”....................................................................... E-7 Kai Ma, Ryohei Urata, David A. B. Miller and James S. Harris, Jr., “Low Temperature Growth of GaAs on Si Substrates for Ultra-fast Photoconductive Switches Used in a Hybrid CMOS/Photonic A/D Conversion System” ........................................................................... E-10 David Press, Rafael Aldaz, Michael Wiemer, James S. Harris and David A.B. Miller, “Mode-locking simulations for monolithically integrated Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser” .................................................................................................................................. E-13 F. Optical MEMS / Optical Microsystems ...................................................................................... F-1 Ruslan Belikov, Xiang Li, Christophe Antoine-Snowden, Olav Solgaard, “Programmable Optical Wavelength Filters Based on Diffraction from MEMS Micromirror Arrays” ........................ F-3 U. Krishnamoorthy, I.W. Jung, P. Lu, Y.-A. Peter, E. Carr, R. L. Byer, O. Solgaard, “Development of segmented deformable mirrors for free space communications”............................. F-7 D. Lee, U. Krishnamoorthy, H. Ra, O. Solgaard , “Single-crystalline silicon micromirrors actuated by self-aligned vertical electrostatic combdrives with piston-motion and rotation capability” .......................................................................................................................................... F-10 Wonjoo Suh and Shanhui Fan , “Flat-top Reflection and All-pass Transmission Filter using Coupled Resonance in Photonic Crystal Slabs” ....................................................................... F-13 J. Wang, I. Jung, O. Solgaard, “Elastomer Spatial Light Modulators for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography” .................................................................................................................... F-16 Thomas D. Wang, Michael J. Mandella, Ning Y. Chan, Christopher H. Contag, Gordon S. Kino, “MEMS Confocal Microscope with Dual Axes Architecture for In Vivo Molecular and Cellular Imaging”....................................................................................................... F-19 Kyoungsik Yu, Daesung Lee, Uma Krishnamoorthy, and Olav Solgaard, “Tunable bandwidth optical filter based on MEMS Gires-Tournois interferometer”........................................ F-23