WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS IRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO AMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 23(1):62–67 • APR 2016 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: The KnownOn the Road to Understanding Distribution the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’sof Giantan Serpent ......................Invasive Joshua M. Kapfer 190Lizard, . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 theRESEARCH Brown ARTICLES Anole (Anolis sagrei Duméril & . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight AnoleBibron, (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1837), in Taiwan .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1 2 3 3 4 5 1 Gerrut NorvalCONSERVATION, Guo-Quan Wang ALERT, Jean-Jay Mao , Li-Xhan Liu , Meng-Hsien Chuang , Yi-Ju Yang , Kerry Slater , and Leslie R. Brown1 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More1Applied Than BehaviouralMammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNISA, 223 . The “Dow Jones Index”Private of Biodiversity Bag X6, Florida, ........................................................................................................................................... 1710, Republic of South Africa ([email protected]) 225 2 DepartmentHUSBANDRY of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Rd., Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China 3Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Rd., Yilan, 260, Taiwan, Republic of China . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 4Environmental Education and Ecological Conservation Extension Center, Aletheia University, No. 70-11 Beishiliao, Madou District, PROFILE Tainan City, 721, Taiwan, Republic of China 5Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong-Hwa University, No.1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan, Republic of China COMMENTARY . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................Photographs by the senior author. Eric Gangloff 238 BOOK REVIEW Abstract.—The Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) has become an invasive species in some parts of the Americas and in some . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, localities in the PacificR. Berridge, region. P. Ramani, In Taiwan, and B.E. Young A. ..............................................................................................................sagrei was recorded for the first time in 2000 Robert in Powell Santzepu, 243 southwestern Taiwan, and was subsequently recorded in Chisintang, eastern Taiwan, during 2006. For future monitoring and research, we describe CONSERVATION the known RESEARCH distribution REPORTS: of A .Summaries sagrei ofin Published Taiwan Conservation by plotting Research ReportsGPS .................................coordinates of 245 localities where A. NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 sagrei was observed NEWBRIEFS during ......................................................................................................................................................................................surveys (conducted on an ad hoc basis since this species was first discovered 248 in Taiwan) or where specimens EDITORIAL have been INFORMATION collected on ..................................................................................................................................................... GIS User Community aerial photographs that were divided 251 into 100 x 100-m FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 grids. We recorded this invasive lizard in southwestern Taiwan in an area spanning approximately 237 ha and in an approximately 8-ha area in eastern Taiwan. Since A. sagrei is easily spread by human activities, and because not all areas could be thoroughly surveyed, we conclude that the current actual distribution of A. sagrei in Taiwan is probably more extensive than shown. We believeFront that Cover. the Shannon eradication Plummer. of A. sagrei inBack Taiwan Cover. Michael through Kern removal is unrealistic, and propose that ongoing efforts should focusTotat on et vellesequemanaging audant this mo species. Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus Keywords: Anolis sagrei, Brownaut Anole, dolor apicto diffusion invere pe dolum dispersal, nurseryaut dolor industry, apicto invere saltationpe dolum dispersal, Taiwan fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- he Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei; maFig. derrovitae 1), also voluptam, referred as quos to as (Changtur ma derrovitae 2007). voluptam, To date, as more than ten years after A. sagrei was Tthe Cuban Anole (Meshaka etaccullabo. al. 2004), is believed to first recorded, no descriptions about the known distribution of have originated in Cuba, and subsequently dispersed to the this species in Taiwan have been published. Therefore, for pur- Bahamas, parts of the Caribbean, and the Atlantic coast of poses of future monitoring and research, a description of the México to Belize (Williams 1969; Schwartz and Henderson known distribution of A. sagrei in Taiwan is presented herein. 1991; Rodriguez Schettino 1999). It also has become an inva- sive species in some parts of the world. Although evidence is Methods equivocal that A. sagrei was introduced into Jamaica by anthro- Since the first records of A. sagrei as an invasive species in pogenic activities as opposed to natural dispersal (J.B. Losos, Taiwan until mid-2014, surveys were conducted on an ad pers. comm.), introduced populations of A. sagrei have been hoc basis in areas where these lizards were potentially thought recorded in parts of the Americas as well as some localities in the to occur. Because A. sagrei usually perches conspicuously on Pacific region (Kraus 2009; Burgess 2012; Tan and Lim 2012). tree trunks and other objects in open sunny areas (Schwartz In Taiwan, A. sagrei was recorded for the first time in 2000 and Henderson 1991; Rodriguez Schettino 1999; Meshaka et in Santzepu, Sheishan District, Chiayi County, southwestern al. 2004), the surveys usually entailed visually searching for Taiwan (Norval et al. 2002), and was subsequently recorded active or basking animals in habitats likely to be used by these in Chisintang, Hualien County, eastern Taiwan, during 2006 lizards. When A. sagrei or any other lizard was observed, we Copyright © 2016. Gerrut Norval. All rights reserved. 62 NORVAL ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 23(1):62–67 • APR 2016 Fig. 1. The Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei; adult female on the left and male on the right) is a diurnally active trunk-ground species usually found on the ground or on tree trunks and other objects rarely more than 1.5 m above the ground. recorded the locality’s GPS coordinates. Since these surveys a variety of habitats, including roadside and urban gardens, were done to only determine the presence of A. sagrei in the parks, cemeteries, fruit orchards, and other agricultural fields. various localities, lizards were not counted. In addition, locali- At the eastern study site, A. sagrei was recorded in two ties where specimens of A. sagrei have been collected as part localities in Chisintang, one near the Hualien Air Base, one of ongoing research on this species in Taiwan were also incor- along the Tunglan Cycling Trail, and two at National Dong- porated into the distributional data collected during surveys. Hwa University, all in Hualien County (Fig. 3). They also Using Arcview GIS8.3 GPS, GIS User Community aerial were found in one locality in Biyunjuang Community and photographs of the study areas were divided into 100 x 100-m one in Nanhua Community, both in the outskirts of Hualien grids. The GPS coordinates of all the localities where A. sagrei City (Fig. 3). Lizards were in urban gardens, fallow fields, has been recorded over the period of late-2001 to mid-2014 coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations, an area that is currently were used to plot grids in which these