Social, Economic and Cultural Overview of the Gulf Region 1 2 Oceans, Habitat and Species at Risk Publication Series, Newfoundland and Labrador Region No. 0006 March 2009 Revised September 2009 Social, Economic, and Cultural Overview of the Gulf Region Prepared by Gaudet, T. and S. Leger1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Region Published by Fisheries and Oceans Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Region P.O. Box 5667 St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1 1 343 University Avenue P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6 i ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2011 No de cat. Fs22-6/6-2011E-PDF ISSN 1919-2193 ISBN 978-1-100-18433-3 DFO/2011-1738 Correct citation for this publication: Gaudet, T. and S. Leger. 2011. Social, Economic, and Cultural Overview of the Gulf Region. OHSAR Pub. Ser. Rep. NL Region, No. 0006: viii+ 114 p. ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................... iii List of Figures............................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................ vi List of Appendices .................................................................................. vii Preface .................................................................................................... viii 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Mandate...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Area Defined..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology ............................................................................................... 3 1.4 Sources....................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Social.................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Demographic............................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Demographic Overview ........................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Gender Structure.................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Age Structure ....................................................................................... 9 2.1.4 Population Origins .............................................................................. 10 2.1.5 Ethnicity.............................................................................................. 11 2.1.6 Aboriginal Demographic ..................................................................... 12 2.2 Education.................................................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Educational Attainment by Region ..................................................... 14 2.2.2 Educational Opportunities .................................................................. 16 2.3 Health and Security................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Life Expectancy .................................................................................. 18 2.3.2 Infant Mortality.................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 Mortality by Cause of Death ............................................................... 20 2.3.4 Wastewater Disposal & Treatment ..................................................... 21 2.3.5 Coast Guard Fleet Composition ......................................................... 22 2.3.6 Pollution and Waste............................................................................ 22 3.0 Economic ........................................................................................... 23 3.1 Performance ............................................................................................. 23 3.1.1 Industry and Work Force .................................................................... 23 3.1.2 Employment ....................................................................................... 24 3.1.3 Income................................................................................................ 25 3.1.4 Investment and Research & Development ......................................... 26 3.1.5 Housing Market .................................................................................. 31 3.2 Fisheries ................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Commercial Fishing............................................................................ 33 3.2.1.1 Background.................................................................................. 33 3.2.1.2 Government/Governance............................................................. 33 3.2.1.3 Trends.......................................................................................... 33 Participants.................................................................................................. 42 3.2.1.4 Seal Hunt ..................................................................................... 43 iii 3.2.1.5 Native Fisheries ........................................................................... 44 3.2.1.6 Transformation............................................................................. 46 3.2.1.7 Exports......................................................................................... 49 3.2.1.8 Trends in Transformation, Imports and Exports........................... 49 3.3 Aquaculture............................................................................................... 50 3.3.1 Background ........................................................................................ 50 3.3.2 Governance/Government ................................................................... 50 3.3.3 Trend.................................................................................................. 51 3.3.4 Shellfish.............................................................................................. 52 3.3.5 Production and Value ......................................................................... 52 3.3.6 Outlook ............................................................................................... 55 3.4 Marine Transportation............................................................................... 56 3.4.1 Traffic ................................................................................................. 56 3.4.2 Pollution.............................................................................................. 56 3.5 Tourism and Recreational Activities.......................................................... 56 3.5.1 Recreational Fishing........................................................................... 57 3.5.2 Cruise Ship Generated Tourism ......................................................... 58 3.5.3 Marine Related Tourism, Excluding Cruise and recreational Fishing . 59 3.6 Energy....................................................................................................... 60 3.6.1 Wind, Hydro, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear .................................................... 60 3.6.1.1 Outlook ........................................................................................ 61 3.7 Oil and Gas............................................................................................... 63 3.8 Mining ....................................................................................................... 63 3.8.1 Nova Scotia ........................................................................................ 64 3.8.2 New Brunswick................................................................................... 64 3.8.3 Prince Edward Island.......................................................................... 66 3.9 Agriculture................................................................................................. 66 3.9.1 Nova Scotia ........................................................................................ 66 3.9.2 New Brunswick................................................................................... 67 3.9.3 Prince Edward Island.......................................................................... 68 3.10 Forestry................................................................................................... 69 3.10.1 Pollution............................................................................................ 71 4.0 Cultural............................................................................................... 71 4.1 Museums .................................................................................................. 71 4.2 Historic Sites ............................................................................................. 71 4.3 Interpretation Centres ............................................................................... 71 4.4 National Parks........................................................................................... 72 4.5 Provincial Parks ........................................................................................ 73 4.6 Conservation and Protected Sites............................................................. 73 4.7 Native Communities.................................................................................