19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.5-01 (S) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March 2012 Dist. 8 March 2012 Agenda Item 5.1 Implementation of the Triennium Work Plan (2010-2012) – Other Issues Review of New Information on Population Size, Distribution, Structure and Causes of Any Changes Document 5-01 Pilot Whale Hunt in the Faroe Islands Action Requested Take note Provide guidance on further follow-up Submitted by Secretariat NOTE: IN THE INTERESTS OF ECONOMY, DELEGATES ARE KINDLY REMINDED TO BRING THEIR OWN COPIES OF DOCUMENTS TO THE MEETING 19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.5-01 (S) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March 2012 Dist. 8 March 2012 Pilot Whale Hunt in the Faroe Islands 1. Following a request of the 17th Advisory Committee Meeting, the Secretariat had in early 2011 contacted the Faroe Islands’ Authorities in order to express the Parties’ concern and request information on the small cetacean drive hunts. The exchange of correspondence was contained in AC18/Doc.5-06. The response of the Faroe Islands had indicated that the hunts of Risso’s dolphins that had occurred in recent years were not set to continue. Key points on which information had been requested had however been left unanswered, in particular with regard to scientific information on population size, trends and distribution that was used to determine sustainability. The 2010 Annual Report of NAMMCO indicated that there was insufficient information on the status of populations of Pilot Whales and other species for setting hunting quotas. Accordingly, AC18 had requested the Secretariat to contact both the Authorities of the Faroe Islands and NAMMCO again about the matter. 2. The Secretariat contacted the NAMMCO Secretariat in June 2011 to find out the appropriate way to raise the ASCOBANS Parties’ concerns with NAMMCO and how the requested information could be obtained. 3. In its response, the NAMMCO Secretariat pointed out that the 2010 meeting of the Management Committee on Cetaceans had concluded the following: At its 2009 meeting, the Committee underlined the importance of finalising the updated abundance estimate for pilot whales and noted that this was expected to be dealt with by the Scientific Committee’s Working Group on Abundance Estimates in October 2009, and was expected to be available for the review of the Scientific Committee at its 2010 meeting. However, the calculations presented at the above-mentioned working group meeting did not meet the requirements necessary for approval and the working group advised on a revision providing detailed guidelines for further action. Noting that a new abundance estimate for pilot whales based on T-NASS data had still to be finalised, the Management Committee reiterated the importance for the Scientific Committee to complete this work, and further stressed that this should be the first priority for the next meeting of the Working Group on Abundance Estimates. 4. The NAMMCO Scientific Committee presented the report of its May 2011 meeting to the Annual Meeting in September 2011. In addition, on the Faroese website www.whaling.fo, it says regarding abundance estimates for the pilot whales occurring in this region that “an update […] based on more recent surveys will be presented to the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO) at its next annual meeting in Oslo in September 2011”. Information on population structure, abundance and removal rate 5. The Secretariat contacted both NAMMCO and the Faroese Authorities to obtain more information on the discussions and conclusions reached at the meeting in September 2011. In response, Ms Kate Sanderson of the Foreign Service of the Faroe Islands informed the Secretariat that the most recent scientific estimate of abundance for the pilot whale stock was 128,000 in the Iceland-Faroese survey area. This estimate was based on data from the latest Trans-Atlantic Sightings Survey (T-NASS) in 2007, coordinated by NAMMCO. Given the opportunistic and localized nature of pilot whale drives around the Faroes, they had never considered it necessary or appropriate to set annual catch quotas. 6. To the message, Ms Sanderson attached the full excerpt on pilot whales from the report of the NAMMCO Management Committee on Cetaceans, which met in Oslo in September last year (Annex 1). She also forwarded the most recent information 1 19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.5-01 (S) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March 2012 Dist. 8 March 2012 summary on whales and whaling in the Faroe Islands (Annex 2). Both documents acknowledge the poor availability of data, in respect of population structure across the North Atlantic, abundance and trends. They nevertheless insist that the hunt is sustainable and that even though the 2007 survey resulted in a much lower abundance estimate than the one conducted in 1989, this could not be interpreted as a decrease in abundance, since the survey area, methodology and season were not comparable. The percentage of the population taken by the hunt is estimated at less than 1% by both NAMMCO and the Faroese Authorities. 7. The extant Resolution No. 3 of the 3rd Meeting of the Parties to ASCOBANS (2000) had defined ““unacceptable interactions” as being, in the short term, a total anthropogenic removal above 1.7 % of the best available estimate of abundance, keeping in mind that the 2nd Meeting of Parties recommended an anthropogenic removal of more than 2% is an “unacceptable interaction””, and noted “that in the case of species other than the harbour porpoise, or where there is significant uncertainty in parameters such as population size or by-catch levels, then “unacceptable interaction” may involve an anthropogenic removal of much less than 1.7 %”. 8. It would therefore seem that the Faroese hunt does not meet the criteria to be considered sustainable under the ASCOBANS definition. In fact, the lack of both reliable data on abundance and any indication that other causes for anthropogenic removal are being taken into account would make it impossible to reach such a conclusion. Until much more robust data on all relevant factors have been collected and evaluated through independent mechanisms, a precautionary approach would necessitate a firm restriction of deliberate takes. 9. The Secretariat also requested the NAMMCO Secretariat to direct ASCOBANS to any peer-reviewed scientific publications dealing with the distribution and range of the pilot whales occurring around the Faroe Islands. In response, the NAMMCO Secretariat confirmed that there was very little published literature from recent years; and no articles were suggested as references on the subject. They were still hoping to be able to make a better estimate of abundance for pilot whales. Most of the recent information concerned only hunting methods. Information on distribution 10. The dedicated website on the hunt provided by the Faroes’ Authorities referred to satellite tagging of eight animals in May 2011. As had already been done in 2000 and 2004, a school of whales was driven into a bay, tags were attached to selected whales, and the entire school driven back out to sea again. The tracking map reproduced below along with others from the same series and further details can be accessed on the website of the Museum of Natural History. 2 19th ASCOBANS Advisory Committee Meeting AC19/Doc.5-01 (S) Galway, Ireland, 20-22 March 2012 Dist. 8 March 2012 http://www.ngs.fo/Default.aspx?ID=11876 11. While these maps are not completely conclusive, given the positions of the tagged whales it seems likely that the population affected by the Faroese hunt also frequents the ASCOBANS waters. The NAMMCO Secretariat kindly provided the ASCOBANS Secretariat with contacts in order to learn more about the tagging programme and its results. Provided Parties agree with this way forward, the Secretariat would make efforts to obtain this information. 12. In conclusion, there seems to be sufficient indication of a direct link between the groups of pilot whales the ASCOBANS Parties are making efforts to protect, and the “stock” utilised in the drive hunts of the Faroe Islands. The average exploitation level in combination with other threats could amount to an unacceptable interaction as defined by Resolution 3.3. Given the legitimate concerns in relation to the conservation efforts made under ASCOBANS, Parties may wish to consider making a call for a much more precautionary approach and the enforcement of strict limits to annual catch numbers, and pursuing this through diplomatic channels. 3 Annex 1 From: REPORT OF THE MEETING OF THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE FOR CETACEANS (NAMMCO) 14 September 2010, Oslo, Norway 4.9 Long-finned pilot whales Past proposals for conservation and management The Management Committee recalled that in 1997, the general Management Committee had concluded the following: “The Management Committee noted the findings and conclusions of the Scientific Committee, through its review of the ICES Study Group Report and the analysis of data from NASS-95 with respect to the status of long-finned pilot whales in the North Atlantic, which also confirmed that the best available abundance estimate of pilot whales in the Central and Northeast Atlantic is 778,000. With respect to stock identity it was noted that there is more than one stock throughout the entire North Atlantic, while the two extreme hypotheses of i) a single stock across the entire North Atlantic stock, and ii) a discrete, localised stock restricted to Faroese waters, had been ruled out. The Management Committee further