UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State [email protected] Conflicts Without Borders: Mindanao, Philippines http://hiu.state.gov HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Reported Conflict Incidents (July 2008 - June 2010) Cebu !« Dinagat Isl. Suspected Perpetrators Western Visayas Three major groups operate in discrete MILF geographic regions across Mindanao: NPA-CPP Central Visayas Siagra Isl. ASG Bohol Isl. Negros Isl. Cebu Isl. Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Other groups in central-to-western areas; Unknown Bohol Sea Butuan New People’s Army - Communist Party Number of Violent Attacks !« of the Philippines (NPA-CPP) Cagayan in eastern to-central areas; and, Sulu Sea Zamboanga !«de Oro Caraga Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Peninsula Northern in western areas. 1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 25 Mindanao !« Approximately 39% of incidents « Region capital Pagadian Davao were armed conflicts, 23% were by Region boundary IEDs, and 13% were kidnappings. 1 025 50 100 km ARMM !« Cotabato !«Davao Armed attacks accounted for 85% of 05010025 mi Moro Gulf all deaths and IED attacks accounted Davao for 44% of all injuries and 9% of all Gulf deaths. ARMM1 Basilan Isl. Koronadal!« SOCCSKSARGEN2 O G Jolo Isl. L A E I P H C Tawi Tawi Isl. R A Celebes Sea MALAYSIA L U S U 1. Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 2. South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City Incidents by Group Incidents by Type LAOS Incidents Over Time PHILIPPINES 160 Other Hostage Bombing 9 (3%) THAI. 140 NPA-CPP 13 (3%) 1 (0.2%) ASG 148 (32%) Arson 120 53 MILF (25%) 57 (12%) 49 (11%) CAMB. VIET. 100 7 NPA-CPP (32%) Grenade Armed 45 ASG (12%) 50 (11%) 80 12 Attack 44 35 Other (3%) 181 (39%) 60 32 37 Unknown (28%) BRU. 16 1 40 17 11 13 MILF 3 5 117 (25%) Mindanao 20 43 33 29 23 MALAYSIA Unknown Kidnapping 0 61 (13%) IED INDO. July - Dec. 2008 Jan. - June 2009 July - Dec. 2009 Jan. - June 2010 128 (28%) 104 (23%) (150) (117) (90) (102) Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative. Sources: USG; National Counterterrorism Center October 26, 2010 - U284 STATE (HIU) UNCLASSIFIED Page 1 of 3 UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Conflicts Without Borders: Mindanao, Philippines [email protected] http://hiu.state.gov HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Reduced Displacement Amidst Continued Insecurity (July 2008 - Sept. 2010) Displacement Extent - Sepember 2008 Displacement Extent - September 2010 ! Maasin ! Philippine Maasin ! SeSeaa Surigao ! ! Surigao Tagbilaran !Tagbilaran « Region capital Philippine ! ! Selected populated place Sea Dumaguete Mambajao! ! ! Dumaguete Mambajao! Siquijor ! Tandag! Region boundary Siquijor !Tandag Bohol Sea !« Province boundary Butuan Sulu Butuan Bohol Sea «! Sea Area of displacement Dipolog Prosperidad ! ! Dipolog Prosperidad !Oroquieta !« ! ! 025 50 100 km !Oroquieta !« Cagayan Caraga Cagayan Zamboanga de Oro Caraga 0 2550 100 mi de Oro Peninsula ! Malaybalay ! ! ! Malaybalay Tubud Marawi ! ! Pagadian Northern Tubud Marawi !«! Pagadian Northern Mindanao !«! Davao Zamboanga Mindanao Peninsula Davao Tagum! Tagum ! !« Cotabato Cotabato Cotabato Davao !« Kidapawan !« City Davao Moro Gulf ! Moro Gulf Kidapawan !« 1 Mati! ! ! ARMM ! 1 Mati! Zamboanga Maganoy ! ARMM Maguindanao !Digos Zamboanga ! !Digos Isabela ! ! Isulan Davao Isabela Isulan! Davao ! Sultan Kudarat !« Gulf !«! Gulf Koronadal Koronadal 1 2 2 ARMM SOCCSKSARGEN ARMMA 1 SOCCSKSARGEN ! South !General General Celebes Sea Cotabato Santos Santos City City Sarangani Celebes Sea Determining reliable figures on the number of IDPs remains a challenge, since displacement in Mindanao is characterized by both frequent and temporary population movements. Discrepancies between government 1. Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and international agency figures have been reported often, with the 2. South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City government typically issuing lower figures. Steady Decrease in the Number of Total IDPs Total Displacement in Registered Evacuation Centers 450,000 in Registered Evacuation Centers LAOS 120,000 Constrained to Three Provinces 395,301 * Department of Social Welfare 400,000 PHILIPPINES 101,062 and Development 100,000 350,000 THAI. ** International Organisation for Migration 80,232 300,000 80,000 250,000 CAMB. 69,327 250,000 VIET. 60,000 200,000 IOM** Estimate 0150,00030 60 120 Km 40,000 DSWD* 117,514 Estimate 100,000 BRU. 20,000 050,00030 60 120 Miles Mindanao 7,020 9,432 0 MALAYSIA 0 September 2008August 2009 June 2010 INDO. Sultan Kudarat Cotabato Maguindanao Maguindanao Maguindanao (June 2010) (June 2010) (June 2010) (Sept. 2010) (Sept. 2010) Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative. Sources: USG, International Organiation for Migration, United Nations Office for the Coordination of October 26 2010 - U287 STATE (HIU) UNCLASSIFIED Humanitarian Affairs, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Government of the Republic Page 2 of 3 of the Philippines (GRP) National Disaster Coordinating Council, GRP Department of Social Welfare and Development UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Conflicts Without Borders: Mindanao, Philippines [email protected] http://hiu.state.gov HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Armed Groups and Recent Chronology (September 2010) Armed Groups Recent Chronology of Conflict and Displacement MILF – The Moro Islamic Liberation Front split from the Moro National Liberation 2008 Front (MNLF) in 1977. MILF claims to represent the interests of Muslims, known as In August, the MILF broke a ceasefire and the ensuing violence between the Armed the Bangsamoro people. The approximately 12,000 strong MILF was formed due Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the MILF led to significant displacement in to the MNLF's reluctance to launch an insurgency against the Armed Forces of the portions of western Mindanao. By September, up to one million were affected, with Philippines when the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) 400,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs), including over 100,000 living in more than rejected MNLF’s demand for an independent Moro Islamic state and sent troops 160 evacuation centers, according to the GRP National Disaster Coordinating Council. to maintain order. 2009 NPA-CPP – The New People's Army (NPA) is the military wing of the Communist Between August 2008 and July 2009, an estimated 760,000 people were affected by Party of the Philippines (CPP). It was founded in 1969 with the aim of overthrow- the conflict and 400 combatants and civilians were killed or died due to illness in IDP ing the GRP through guerrilla warfare. camps. ASG – The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) is a small but active Muslim terrorist group In July, the GRP and the MILF agreed to a ceasefire and both sides agreed to facilitate that split from MNLF in the early 1990s. The group’s stated goal is to promote an the return of tens of thousands of IDPs and the removal of unexploded ordnance. independent Islamic state in western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. ASG is Over 250,000 people remained displaced, with over 100,000 living in 147 evacuation composed of several semi-autonomous factions with several hundred active centers in the provinces of Maguidanao, North Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat. fighters and about 1,000 supporters. Other Perpetrators 2010 In May, Benigno S. Aquino III was elected President and vowed to secure a peace deal Al-Khobar – Allegedly composed of former Muslim rebels, the group is report- with the MILF. Peace talks resumed, and the MILF vowed to provide security for edly linked to the MILF, although MILF denies any involvement in the group’s returning IDPs. activities. Registered displacement Ampatuan – The Ampatuan family is a Muslim clan allied in the 1970s with t*O+VOF BQQSPYJNBUFMZ *%1TXFSFMJWJOHJOFWBDVBUJPODFOUFSTPSSFMPDB- President Ferdinand Marcos. The Ampatuans are one of the many powerful tion sites, while others were staying with relatives and friends, according to the GRP families that maintain informal private armies. Several clan leaders face murder Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). charges for alleged roles in a 2009 massacre. t"TPG0DUPCFS JO.BHVJOEBOBP1SPWJODF UIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM0SHBOJ[BUJPOGPS Migration estimates there are 80,232 IDPs in evacuation centers, 5,475 home-based Bag-ong Ilaga – The Bag-ong Ilaga is a Christian vigilante group opposing the IDPs, 9,863 IDPs moved to resettlement areas, and 16,475 IDPs relocated. According MILF, MNLF, and other groups that it deems as “terrorists”. It is a continuation of to GRP estimates, there are 69,327 IDPs in 52 evacuation centers, 11,490 IDPs the Ilaga Christian vigilante group that last operated in the 1970s. relocated, and 4,545 IDPs are reintegrated into new areas. BNLA – The Bangsamoro National Liberation Army is reportedly allied with the Unregistered displacement MNLF and claimed responsibility for a roadside bombing on Jolo Island in t*OUFSDMBOGFVET rido) triggered by land disputes, election-related violence, and September 2009. economic rivalries contribute to a rising number of displaced people throughout the year, although they are not considered IDPs by the DSWD. Approximately 70 percent MNLF – The Moro National Liberation Front emerged in the early 1970s and of the population own guns in Mindanao. sought an independent Islamic nation in the Filipino islands with sizeable Muslim t"TPG0DUPCFS UIFSFBSFBOBEEJUJPOBM *%1TEVFUPrido and 135,358 due to populations. It signed a peace agreement with the GRP in 1996. flashfloods, according to DSWD. Insecurity and the impact of seasonal rains continue to impede the IDPs return. Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative. Sources: USG, International Organiation for Migration, United Nations Office for the Coordination of October 26 2010 - U287 STATE (HIU) UNCLASSIFIED Humanitarian Affairs, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Washington Post Page 3 of 3 Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) National Disaster Coordinating Council, GRP Department of Social Welfare and Development.