The Constituency Development Fund as a tool for Community Development: A case study of Katuba Constituency in Zambia. A Mini-Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Institute for Social Development, University of the Western Cape, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA Degree in Development Studies. DOREEN NKOMBO CHIBOMBA Supervisor: Jimi Adesina JANUARY 2013 DECLARATION I, Doreen Nkombo Chibomba, hereby declare that this Master Mini-Thesis is my own work and that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. Doreen Nkombo Chibomba January 2013 ......................................... Signed Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... 4 Key Words: ................................................................................................................................ 5 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................... 7 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ................................................................. 9 1.0 Background to the Study ............................................................................................. 9 1.1 The Research Problem .............................................................................................. 10 1.1.1 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................... 10 1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study ............................................................................. 11 1.3 Research Design ........................................................................................................ 11 1.3.1 The Case Study Approach ................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Methodological Approach ................................................................................. 12 1.3.3 Primary Data Sources ........................................................................................ 13 1.3.4 Secondary Data Sources .................................................................................... 14 1.3.5 Data Analysis and Presentation ......................................................................... 15 1.3.6 Limitations of the Study..................................................................................... 15 1.4 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 16 1.5 Organisation of the Study .......................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................ 18 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Conceptualising Development .................................................................................. 18 2.2 Theories of Development .......................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Traditional Theories ........................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Modernisation Theory ........................................................................................ 20 2.2.3 Dependency Theory ........................................................................................... 21 2.2.4 Alternative Approaches ..................................................................................... 22 2.2.5 The Participatory Approach ............................................................................... 24 2.3 Conceptualising Community Development .............................................................. 25 2.4 The Concept of Decentralisation ............................................................................... 27 2.5 Conclusion: Participation and Decentralisation as Objectives of CDF aimed at Community Development ........................................................................................................ 30 CHAPTER 3: THE CASE STUDY AREA: KATUBA CONSTITUENCY........................... 32 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 32 1 3.1 General Overview of Zambia .................................................................................... 32 3.2 Brief History of Decentralisation in Zambia ............................................................. 33 3.3 Katuba Constituency ................................................................................................. 36 Background ...................................................................................................................... 36 Socio-economic Structure ................................................................................................ 37 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 37 Education ......................................................................................................................... 38 Health and Sanitation ...................................................................................................... 38 Community Based Organisations .................................................................................... 38 3.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 38 CHAPTER 4: CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUND ................................................. 39 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Constituency Development Fund in Zambia ............................................................. 40 4.1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 40 4.1.2 Objective of Constituency Development Fund in Zambia ................................ 42 4.1.3 Legal Framework, Management and Administration of Constituency Development Fund ........................................................................................................... 42 4.1.4 Project Identification, Selection and Implementation ........................................ 43 4.1.5 Constituency Development Fund Accountability Measures.............................. 44 4.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH: AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CDF AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ........................................................... 46 5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 46 5.1 Focus Group Discussions .......................................................................................... 47 5.2 Semi-Structured Interviews ....................................................................................... 48 5.3 Constituency Development Fund in Katuba ............................................................. 48 5.3.1 Local Community Knowledge of CDF .............................................................. 49 5.3.2 Perceptions of CDF ............................................................................................ 53 5.3.3 Community Participation in CDF Projects ........................................................ 57 5.3.4 CDF Projects in Katuba ..................................................................................... 59 5.3.5 Maintenance of CDF Projects ............................................................................ 62 5.3.6 Assessing the Effectiveness of CDF in Katuba ................................................. 64 5.4 Accountability and Transparency .............................................................................. 65 5.5 Other Findings from MPs and MLGH Officials ....................................................... 68 5.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 71 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................. 73 6.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 73 6.1 Summary of Findings ................................................................................................ 73 6.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 75 6.3 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 76 6.4 Areas for Further Research ......................................................................................