Florida State University Libraries 2016 Molding a Model Minority: CCP Strategies of Social Control and Liberating the Zhuang from Economic Struggle Amanda Yeargin Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY MOLDING A MODEL MINORITY: CCP STRATEGIES OF SOCIAL CONTROL AND LIBERATING THE ZHUANG FROM ECONOMIC STRUGGLE By AMANDA YEARGIN A Thesis submitted to the Program in Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2016 Amanda Yeargin defended this thesis on May 31, 2016. The members of the supervisory committee were: Annika Culver Professor Directing Thesis Andrew Frank Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii Dedicated to my fellow life travelers, stateside and abroad, who made this thesis possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The development, research, and writing of this thesis has been a collective effort of many, to whom I am profoundly grateful: My Thesis Committee Chair, Dr. Annika Culver, for the immense amount of support and instruction she offered, as well as my committee members, Dr. Andrew Frank and Dr. Jonathan Grant. Dr. Minna Jia and graduate student Lilly Gao from Florida State University’s Survey Research Laboratory, for the many hours they contributed to my thesis as they conducted a content analysis. Amauri Serrano and her colleagues in Strozier Library, whose tireless and persistent efforts enabled Florida State University to acquire the Oriprobe database. This database contains the archives of the People’s Daily from its founding in 1946 until the present, enabling access for the FSU community and further developing the resources available to students and faculty researching China. Dr. Lee Metcalf, Director of the International Affairs Program at Florida State University, for her guidance throughout my two years in the program. Florida State University’s International Affairs Program for granting me the “International Affairs Graduate Program 50th Anniversary Scholarship,” without which my utilization of the Survey Research Laboratory would have been impossible. Dr. Whitney Bendeck, who not only taught multiple of the courses I took on China, but was also the main instructor of the course I served as a TA for three semesters. I consider her a mentor, advisor, and inspiration for my own professional life. Jielin Ming, whose service as a volunteer research assistant will go unforgotten. Susan Sukhia and Sam Bandak, the administrative staff who kept the thesis process moving along as smoothly as possible. Erin Drew, Samantha Hynd, and Teresa Arthur, who offered emotional support and listening ears throughout the various ups and downs of the thesis process, and have been more help to me without compensation than should be expected of anyone. My graduate school community of classmates, fellow Teaching Assistants, and Graduate Assistants, who embarked on this journey with me and never failed to offer the most genuine support. My parents, to whom I owe everything. My deepest thanks goes to the people of Guangxi. It is my hope that this work will be of some value to them, if even in the smallest way. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ viii 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 2. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................4 3. HISTORIOGRAPHY OF SCHOLARSHIP ...............................................................................9 4. HISTORY OF THE ZHUANG .................................................................................................15 5. PERIODIZATION ....................................................................................................................21 6. EXEMPLARY WOMEN, EXEMPLARY ZHUANG: STATE MODELS FOR BEHAVIOR ..............................................................................................................................48 7. CULTURE AS COMMODITY: ETHNO-TOURISM ............................................................59 8. CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................................70 APPENDICES ...............................................................................................................................72 A. CATEGORY DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................................72 B. ADDITIONAL FIGURES ........................................................................................................74 References ......................................................................................................................................79 Biographical Sketch .......................................................................................................................85 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. This figure illustrates the categorization of the 4,279 articles with the keyword Zhuangzu (壮族) from People’s Daily articles in the years 1990-2015. Each article could be placed in 1-2 categories, depending on content. A complete list of category descriptions can be located in Appendix A. .......................................................................................................22 Figure 2. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Culture, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................32 Figure 3. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Development, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ..............................................................33 Figure 4. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Interaction with Foreigners, based on the total number of keyword-including articles that were published for each year. ..........................................35 Figure 5. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Tourism, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................38 Figure 6. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Legal System, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................40 Figure 7. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Corruption, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................41 Figure 8. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Social/Internal Security, based on the total number of keyword-including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................44 Figure 9. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Environment, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................46 Figure 10. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Exemplary Individuals, based on the total number of keyword-including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................53 vi Figure 11. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Agriculture, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................74 Figure 12. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Disasters, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................74 Figure 13. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Election, based on the total number of keyword- including articles that were published for each year. ...............................................................75 Figure 14. This figure illustrates what percentage of keyword Zhuangzu articles from the People’s Daily can be categorized as Education, based