CONTENTS Vice Chancellor’s Message Message from Secretary, MEA Message from the Director Brief Overview of the Conference Abstracts Migration and Diasporic Dynamics 1 Identity and Citizenship 4 Reimagining Development: Migration and Diaspora 7 Mobility, Knowledge and Skills 10 Business/Trade and Technology 14 Migration and Diaspora Policy 17 Diaspora Remittances and Development 21 Migration and Refugee 25 Education, Skill and Capacity Building 29 Issues, Challenges and Diversities 32 Migration and Diasporic Literature 35 Multiculturalism and Hybridity 40 Issues and challenges of migration 1 44 Issues and challenges of migration 2 49 Forced migration/Illegal migration/ Human Trafficking 1 53 Migrant and Diaspora Engagement: Home and Host 56 Gender and Migration 1 60 Forced migration/Illegal migration/ Human Trafficking 2 64 Displacement and Migration 68 Diaspora and Development 72 South Asia 1 75 Migration and Diasporic Literature 80 Forced migration/Illegal migration/ Human Trafficking 3 84 Gender and Migration 2 87 South Asia 2 90 Migration and Labour Issues 94 Internal Migration in India 98 Regional Diasporas and Diasporas in India 102 Profile of the Participants 107 Message from the Director Migration is certainly an area that deserves interdisciplinary focus of inquiry. It is too diverse in character and composition. The phenomenon is also very dynamic. All the regions as well as countries have their uniqueness in experiencing the migration. Country like India that has massive internal as well as international migration certainly require more research focus. Dispersion of people is an age-old practice of all human society in the quest for progress. Often dispersions are result of many natural disaster, unemployment, conflicts etc. Either way migration or dispersions are Dr. Boyina Rupini Director continuous occurrences in the human civilization. Despite more and more restriction, no country is able to stop such human movement. Today Indian diaspora is one of the largest in the world, only next to China. Its importance in international politics, trade and culture cannot be underemphasized. Spread across more than hundreds of countries, it has the potential to play larger role in many plays important role in home and host countries. In this context the present conference on “Migration and Diasporas: Emerging Diversities and Development Challenges” during 22-23 March 2017, organized by SOITS, IGNOU will certainly provide useful insights. Cutting across disciplinary boundaries, empirical studies from other countries will certain make the engagement in the conference very fruitful. I wish the organizers all the best for conceptualizing and effectively putting together several themes that are relevant to the current policies of the Government. (Boyina Rupini) Brief OOverviewverview of the Conference Migration is not a new phenomenon rather is one of the survival mechanisms that has been practiced since the time immemorial by all human beings; as individual or as community. Today, in an interconnected world the issue of migration is more important. In this interconnected world, we not only need coordinated response from all countries but also policies based on well informed knowledge and understanding. Hence, there is a need for discourses and debate engaging researchers, policy experts, policy makers, grassroot workers, migrant communities and variety of stakeholders. Most importantly there is need for Migration database. There is no doubt that migration is an important issue at national and international levels. The International Migration Report (2015) brought out by UNDP states that there are more than 244 million people or 3.3 percent of world’s population live outside their country of origin. Most of them are youth population with median Prof.Prof. Nandini age 39 years. Unlike earlier migration, the recent decade has seen growing feminisation of migration. The SinhaSinha Kapur migration flow cannot be ignored in an interconnected global world considering its impact on social, economic Convenor and political arena. Both migration and its outcome in the form of diaspora has been an important policy challenge for home and host countries. No country and society stand isolated today. Starting from everyday interactions among people to International relations all are affected by the global movement of people, ideas, technology, culture etc. As policies are outcome of complex interplay of local and global conditions, including the lobby groups, socio- economic and political conditions of the country, levels of development, technological progress and other institutional development such as financial, educational, social etc., diaspora policies differ from countries to countries and in different time span. The development engagement is always mediated through social and cultural identities, which are not only very diverse but are also spaces for social, political and ideological contestation. In this context, a wholistic and interdisciplinary platform is necessary. Apart from a potential for harnessing conventional developmental resources, discourses on migration and diaspora have recently shifted focus on sustainability, inclusiveness, diversity and multiculturalism. With Dr.Dr. SadanandaSadananda the advancement in of knowledge based service economy and development of ICT and transportation, SSahooahoo the diasporas often played a very significant role in many countries. Therefore these new dimensions are Convenor increasingly finding place in the discourses today. In recent years, we find the policies related to the human and financial capital gaining serious attention. Contrary to the idea of brain drain that dominated the development debate in the 60s and 70s among the scholars and policy makers of developing countries, diasporas in the age of internet are seen as human, financial and social capital for the development of their home as well as the host country. Many developing countries have been playing a growing role in channelizing the resources through various institutional mechanisms in the recent years by engaging government and non-government institutions. Developing countries have channelized financial resources from their diaspora more e�ectively. India has been the largest receiver of remittances in the world surpassing China in the last few years. Financial capital accumulated by diaspora abroad is often repatriated to the country of origin in the form of remittances or direct investments. Human capital plays an important role and can be e�ectively transferred across borders with the use of ICT creating opportunities in many sectors such as higher education, training, research and development, etc. There are evidences of successful diasporic knowledge transfer in many areas such as IT and Healthcare. For example the Bangalore IT boom in India and the corporate healthcare is a diasporic venture rooted in the diasporas in developed countries especially in USA. Similar is the case of China’s economic progress. Chinese diaspora is the leading investor i.e 70% of China’s recent foreign investment has been provided by their Diaspora according to some estimate. Similarly the outward investment by China was tremendously facilitated by their diaspora. On the otherhand, the overall Foreign Direct investment to India is about USD 24.29 billion in 2013-14 as against USD 22.42 billion in 2012-13. The diasporic investment is very negligible. The other important areas of recent development are the global and local cultural diversity as a result of multidirectional movement of people and through virtual platforms such as T.V, Internet, films etc. The impact of migration and diaspora on culinary, dress, language, films, literature has become a very fascinating area of inquiry. It is a matter of great importance that societies and national Governments are responding to such changes. The crisis due to forced migration and refugee adds new dimensions to the migration and diaspora debate. Forced migration played a very significant role in formation of diaspora population. Historically, most of the diasporas from India, China, Turkey, African etc.. are outcome of forced migration either as a result of colonisation or conflict. Today the forced migration crisis has been further intensified mainly due to conflicts within and between countries. India’s Engagement with Diaspora Being a country with 1.3 billion population and having massive migration flow both within and outside country, India urgently need more systematic migration policy based on robust migration database. To create a meaningful database, there is a need for sustained dialogue among multiple stakeholders to highlight the issues that are generated out of the migration. As the migration issues are dynamic and interrelated, one need 2nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCe, ‘MIGRATION AND DIASPORAS: EMERGING DIVERSITIES AND DEVELOPMent Challenges’ to understand the complexities which are obviously not possible by any single stakeholders. Hence, this international conference tries to bring all possible stakeholders into a single platform. Objectives In this context, this International Conference titled “Migration and Diasporas: Emerging Diversities and Development Challenges” is an attempt to consolidate the theoretical and conceptual understanding on migration and Diaspora in general and research findings related to policies on Diaspora in particular. General Objectives 1. To get familiar with the recent theoretical and conceptual advancement in understanding the migration and diaspora issues 2. To