2020 SPA at IU Journal SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University 2020 Edition Table of Contents About the Student Personnel Association at IU iii Editors and Advisors iv Letter from the Editors v Bicentennial Op-Eds Gay and Lesbian College Students’ Identity Issues and Student Affairs: 1 30 Years Later Sarah Westfall Campus Security: 4 How has the Focus Changed? Lisa Landreman & JJ Thorp Research Queer Students Navigating the Academy: 9 LGBTQ+ Mentoring Practices at IUPUI Lillian Hogan, Gabriel Rodríguez Lemus, Zach Lynn, Brennan Murphy, and Rachel Scherzer Assessing the Social Climate for Veteran and Military Students at Indiana University 26 Bloomington Shelby Allen, Autumn Kearney, Katie McClure, Andrew Moffa, Ethan Oldfield, and Danielle Pellegrino Theoretical Knowledge Processing in an Innovative Field: 46 Cognitive Development of Biological Sciences Students Jessica Hoopengardner A Theory on the College Application Process 58 Elizabeth Doyle The Development of Gay College Men in Traditional Fraternities 68 Alexis Fuentes Latina Activist Development Through Service Learning 78 Valeria Hernandez Campus Environments Creating Equitable STEM Environments for Black Students in Higher Education 87 i SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Christen Priddie International Student Enrollment and Budgetary Challenges 100 Katie McClure Comprehensive Internationalization and International Branch Campuses: 110 The Case for More Jayson J. Deese 119 With “All Deliberate Speed”: The Creation of the Groups Scholars Program at Indiana University Jess Esch Contemporary Issues and Opinions 134 Amateurism: The Issue of Paying College Level Athletes Jacob Henry 139 Developing Grant Writing Skills in the Humanities and Social Sciences: A Case for Increasing Program-Level Supports Esen Gopkinar-Shelton & Akua A. Asomani-Adem ii SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Student Personnel Association at Indiana University Higher Education and Student Affairs School of Education W.W. Wright Education Building, Suite 4228 Bloomington, IN 47405 812-856-8362 Editors Alice Dahlka, Autumn Kearney, Dajanae Palmer Faculty Advisors Dr. Lucy LePeau and Dr. Gary Pike 2019-2020 Journal Review Board Ting-Han Chan, Micaela Childress, Kacie Connelly, Elizabeth Doyle, Taiylor Fields, Josephy Finke, Tabs Lannom, Nicole Machovina, Taelor McCarthy, Katie McClure, Jaelyn Millon, Andrew Moffa, Madeline Murphy, Danielle Pellegrino, Christen Priddie, Susie Scarbeck, Rachel Scherzer, Samantha Silberstein, Stephanie B. Smith, Camber Sollberger, Angel Thornsbury, Jeffery Waters, and Marti Wein SPA at IU Officers President Jacob Henry Vice-President Brian Gelbach Treasurer Matt Studenmund Secretary Nicole Machovina Director of Member Relations Valeria Hernandez Directors of Outreach Shelby Kuepker, Glen Robbins, and Tyra Voget Directors of Programming Kaitlin Benson and Christine Salzman Webmaster Jessica Hoopengardner The Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University is Published annually by the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University with support from the Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA) program. The Journal is produced to provide an opportunity for HESA M.S.Ed, Ph.D, and Ed.D students and alumni to publish articles pertinent to the field of student affairs. The primary sources of funding for the Journal are alumni donations and support from current students within the HESA department. The important role that each of these contributors has played in the production of this edition is gratefully acknowledged and appreciated. iii SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Journal Editors 1967: Ann Paloney & Michael J. Wiener 1997: Suzanne J. Mendoza, Jennifer Forbes & 1968: Marily Liechty Alan Rose 1969: Dallas Bauman 1998: Jennifer Forbes & Ryan A. Forsythe 1971: George C. Dehne 1999: Naraiah S. Broadus & Christopher R. 1972: Jane A. Lundahl Turner 1973: Helen Mamarchev & Winnifred Weeks 2000: Brent Ericson & Jason Pontius 1974: Elizabeth Brannon, Robert Ciesliki, 2001: Valerie A. Sarma & Kelly A. Kish Barbara Moudy, David Stacy & Dann 2002: Drew Griffin & Victoria S. Pasternak Lobsinger 2003: Victoria Pasternak & Tara L. Sherwin 1975: Dann Lobsinger & Deborah Ann Alter 2004: Matthew D. Nelson & Tara L. Sherwin 1976: Dianne Burnside & Richard Scott 2005: Matthew D. Nelson & Ryan D. Padgett 1977: Susan Hopp, Frank Araiolo & Vince 2006: Laura J. Barnes & Ryan D. Padgett Carunchia 2007: Laura J. Barnes & Lauren E. Morrill 1978: Elizabeth A. Zavodny, Marc Kaplan & 2008: Eddie R. Cole & Lauren E. Morrill- Jim Scroth Ragusea 1979: Jim Scroth 2009: Eddie R. Cole & Autumn T. Harrell 1980: L. E. Wegryn 2010: Autumn T. Harrell & Mark E. 1981: B. J. Bischoff & Brian Pisaro Houlemarde 1982: Rodney P. Kirsch & Janet J. Wright 2011: Mark E. Houlemarde & Tracy L. Teel 1983: Nedra Hartzell & Daniel Salter 2012: Tracy L. Teel & Kelly L. Grab 1984: Susan Buffington & Diane Ledger 2013: Kelly L. Grab & Stephanie T. X. Nguyen 1985: Margaret O’Brien & David Stewart 2014: Stephanie T. X. Nguyen & Woody 1986: Lora Burnett & James Vander Putten Lawson 1987: James J. Holmen & James J. Hurley 2015: Bernard H. Lawson & Matthew D. 1988: David J. Strauss & J. J. Thorp Cramer 1989: J. J. Thorp & Patricia Harned 2016: Matthew D. Cramer & Kody K. Sexton 1990: Patricia Harned & Diane Robinson 2017: Kody K. Sexton & Drew Donaldson 1991: Diane Robinson & Anne E. Spitler 2018: Drew Donaldson, Rebecca E. Kates, & 1992: Anne Spitler & Lisa K. Mitchell Vandana Pawa 1993: Lisa K. Mitchell & Allison Block 2019: Rebecca E. Kates, Vandana Pawa, & 1994: Allison Block & Melody M. Snyder Autumn Kearney 1995: Melody M. Snyder, Lisa P. Lourden, Kelli 2020: Alice Dahlka, Autumn Kearney, & Kputska Smith & John Bean Dajanae Palmer 1996: John Bean & Kelli Kaputska Smith Advisors 1960-1977: Elizabeth Greenleaf 1997-1998: Teresa Hall 1970-1971: Wanda Deutsch 1998-2000: Ada Simmons 1972-1976: David Decoster 2000-2002: Jillian Kinzie 1977-1982: George Kuh 2002-2004: Kate Boyle 1983-1987: John Schuh 2004-2005: Lori Patton 1987-1988: Don Hossler 2005-2014: Danielle DeSawal 1988-1989: Frances Stage 2015: Karyn E. Rabourn 1989-1990: Don Hossler 2016: Danielle M. DeSawal 1990-1996: George Kuh 2017-2020: Lucy LePeau & Gary Pike 1996-1997: Bruce Jacobs iv SPA Journal at IU Spring 2020 Edition Letter from the Editors Alice Dahlka, Autumn Kearney, Dajanae Palmer It is with great excitement that we present the 2020 edition of the Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana University (SPA at IU Journal). This publication is a collection of scholarly work related to higher education and student affairs (HESA) that is written, edited, and published by students and alumni of the masters and doctoral HESA programs at IU. 2020 has marked a significant milestone in IU history as the bicentennial year. Though the on campus celebrations have been halted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we wanted to make sure that the SPA at IU Journal was able to celebrate our history during this banner year at IU. The first edition of the SPA at IU Journal was published in 1967, featuring articles on a variety of topics that provide current students with a time capsule on relevant issues in student affairs throughout history. For the IU bicentennial issue, journal editors reviewed past issues of the journal and invited previous authors to submit an op-ed reflection on how the issue they wrote about has changed since their time as an IU graduate student. Two alumni reflections are included in this issue on the topics of campus security and gay and lesbian student identity issues. In the last 10 years of SPA at IU Journal history, the Journal has moved to an online format through the IUScholarWorks database available on the IU digital libraries platform. This service has allowed us to reach a wider audience of viewers, increase accessibility to research, publish additional articles, and build an archive of previous editions of the journal. As you read through the 2020 edition, we encourage you to browse through the Journal archives as well to reflect on how the field has changed since the inception of the journal. The 2020 edition marks the third year we have included a Contemporary Issues and Opinions section where we feature editorial style writing. Pieces in this section of the 2020 edition provide opinions on the topics of amateurism in athletics and grant writing. This edition also includes four pieces that explore a variety of campus environments and student populations ranging from international students on branch campuses, to the creation of the Groups Scholars program at IU. We are also pleased to include several pieces that will expand available literature on student development theory and bring to light the needs of modern students. Finally, we offer two original research pieces that provide insight into mentoring programs for LGBTQ+ students and student veterans. As the editors of the 2020 edition of the SPA at IU Journal, we would like to thank the authors who participated in this edition of the journal by submitting and editing their piece throughout a semester turned upside down by the pandemic. We also offer our thanks to those who served on the journal review board. Without the critical feedback of the review board, the 2020 edition would not have come to fruition. Finally, we would like to thank our advisers, Drs. Lucy LePeau and Gary Pike, for supporting and challenging us as we sought to make changes and additions to the journal.