FISH PASSAGE ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA 2019 37.2’ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region June 2019 Fish and Aquatic Conservation, Fish Passage Engineering Ecological Services, Conservation Planning Assistance United States Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 FISH PASSAGE ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA June 2019 This manual replaces all previous editions of the Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Suggested citation: USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2019. Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria. USFWS, Northeast Region R5, Hadley, Massachusetts. USFWS R5 Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria June 2019 USFWS R5 Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria June 2019 Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. x List of Equations ............................................................................................................................ xi List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................ xii 1 Scope of this Document ....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Role of the USFWS Region 5 Fish Passage Engineering ............................................. 1-1 1.2 Purpose of This Document............................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Limitation of Criteria and Consultation ........................................................................ 1-1 1.4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 1-2 2 Fishway Implementation and Performance ......................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Definition of a Fishway ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Zone of Passage ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.3 Safe, Timely, and Effective .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Performance Standards ................................................................................................. 2-2 2.5 Project Phases ............................................................................................................... 2-3 2.6 Trial Operation, Evaluation, and Commissioning of a New Fishway .......................... 2-4 2.7 Fishway Operations and Maintenance Plan .................................................................. 2-6 2.8 Fishway Inspections ...................................................................................................... 2-6 2.9 Data Collection and Reporting...................................................................................... 2-7 2.10 Vertical Geodetic Datums ............................................................................................. 2-7 2.11 Drawing Standards ........................................................................................................ 2-9 3 Populations ........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Estimating Design Populations ..................................................................................... 3-1 4 Design Flows ....................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Streamflow Data ........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Period of Record .................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.2 Streamflow Data Sources ....................................................................................... 4-3 4.2 Flow Duration Analysis ................................................................................................ 4-4 4.3 Operating Range ........................................................................................................... 4-4 4.3.1 Low Design Flow ................................................................................................... 4-4 i USFWS R5 Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria June 2019 4.3.2 High Design Flow .................................................................................................. 4-5 4.3.3 Constraints on Design Flows ................................................................................. 4-5 4.3.4 Alternate Methods .................................................................................................. 4-5 4.4 Flood Flow Considerations ........................................................................................... 4-6 5 Hydraulic Design Considerations ........................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Depth ............................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Width............................................................................................................................. 5-2 5.3 Velocity ......................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3.1 Swimming Performance Model ............................................................................. 5-2 5.3.2 Fatigue.................................................................................................................... 5-4 5.4 Turbulence, Air Entrainment, and the Energy Dissipation Factor ................................ 5-5 5.5 Streaming and Plunging Flow ....................................................................................... 5-6 5.6 Water Temperature ....................................................................................................... 5-7 5.7 Other Considerations .................................................................................................... 5-8 6 General Upstream Fish Passage ........................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Site Considerations ....................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Zone of Passage for Upstream Migration ..................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Fishway Attraction ........................................................................................................ 6-2 6.3.1 Competing Flows ................................................................................................... 6-2 6.3.2 Attraction Flow ...................................................................................................... 6-2 6.4 Entrance ........................................................................................................................ 6-3 6.4.1 Location ................................................................................................................. 6-4 6.4.2 Orientation ............................................................................................................. 6-5 6.4.3 Entrance Width ...................................................................................................... 6-5 6.4.4 Entrance Depth....................................................................................................... 6-5 6.4.5 Entrance Jet Velocity ............................................................................................. 6-6 6.4.6 Entrance Channels ................................................................................................. 6-7 6.4.7 Collection Galleries ............................................................................................... 6-7 6.4.8 General Considerations .......................................................................................... 6-8 6.5 Exit ................................................................................................................................ 6-9 6.5.1 Location ............................................................................................................... 6-10 ii USFWS R5 Fish Passage Engineering Design Criteria June 2019 6.5.2 Orientation ........................................................................................................... 6-10 6.5.3 Depth of Flow ...................................................................................................... 6-10 6.5.4 Velocity at Exit .................................................................................................... 6-10 6.5.5 Trash (Grizzly) Racks .......................................................................................... 6-10 6.5.6 Exit Gates ............................................................................................................. 6-11 6.6 Fishway Capacity ........................................................................................................ 6-11 6.6.1 Population and Loading ......................................................................................