RIVER BASIN CONTROL OFFICE Formulation of In tegrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan (IRBMDMP) for Apayao-Abulug River Basin FFINAL RREPORT EEXECUTIVE SSUMMARY October 2014 Table of Contents Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... ….i List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. iii List of Abreviations....................................................................................................................... iv 1. RATIONALE .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE/S ..................................................................................................... 2 3. THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................... 2 4. STATE AND CONDITION OF THE RIVER BASIN ............................................................. 2 4.1 Socio-Economic Conditions .......................................................................................... 2 4.1.1 Population and Annual Population Growth Rate ........................................... 3 4.1.2 Projected Population ...................................................................................... 5 4.1.3 Population Density ......................................................................................... 6 4.1.4 Poverty Incidence and Poverty Threshold .................................................... 8 4.1.5 Annual per Capita Food Threshold ............................................................. 11 4.1.6 Small Area Poverty Incidence .................................................................... 13 4.1.7 Gross Regional Domestic Product .............................................................. 14 4.2 Physical Condition: Climate, Water, and Land Resources ........................................ 14 4.2.1 Climate Type ................................................................................................ 14 4.2.2 Rainfall Pattern and Extremes ..................................................................... 15 4.2.3 Seasonal Temperature Patterns and Trends .............................................. 18 4.2.4 Other Climatic Variables .............................................................................. 19 4.2.5 Stream flow .................................................................................................. 21 4.2.6 Flood Frequency .......................................................................................... 21 4.2.7 Land Cover ................................................................................................... 23 4.2.8 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................... 24 4.2.9 Water Balance ............................................................................................. 28 4.2.10 Registered Water Users in the River Basin ................................................. 32 4.2.11 Water Rights by Purpose issued in Kalinga Apayao Provinces, 1975-2011 .................................................................................................... 32 4.2.12 The Status of Water Resource Utilization in AARB .................................... 33 4.2.13 The Apayao-Abulug River Irrigation System ............................................... 35 4.2.14 Small Scale Irrigation Projects (SSIP) ......................................................... 36 Table of Contents i Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin 4.2.15 The Present Status of Small Water Impounding and Diversion Dam Projects ....................................................................................................... 36 4.2.16 Status of Hydropower Development ............................................................ 38 4.2.17 Status of Water Utilization for Domestic Purposes ..................................... 39 4.3 Environmental and Watershed Management ............................................................. 40 4.3.1 Status on Population, Settlements and Indigenous People ........................ 40 4.3.2 Status of Land Use Management ................................................................ 41 4.3.3 Description of Denuded Forests and Critical Watersheds .......................... 45 4.3.4 Status of Water Quality ................................................................................ 46 4.3.5 Mineral Resources ....................................................................................... 48 4.3.6 Status Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) ................................ 50 4.3.7 Status of Communal Forest Area in the River Basin .................................. 51 4.3.8 Status of Community-Based Forest Management Projects ........................ 52 4.3.9 Indigenous Knowledge and Practice of Environmental Conservation ........ 55 4.3.10 Status of Integrated Forest Management Agreement (IFMA)..................... 55 4.3.11 Emancipation Patent (EP) / Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) ......................................................................................................... 57 4.3.12 Location and Size of Tenured Areas in the Basin ....................................... 57 4.3.13 Status of National Greening Program (NGP) Implementation .................... 58 4.3.14 Status of Biodiversity and Wildlife ............................................................... 60 4.3.15 Apayao Lowland Forest Key Biodiversity Area ........................................... 63 4.3.16 Non-Volant Mammals: Rats ......................................................................... 65 4.3.17 Volant Mammals: Bats ................................................................................. 66 4.3.18 Amphibians .................................................................................................. 67 4.3.19 Reptiles ........................................................................................................ 68 4.3.20 Flora ............................................................................................................. 70 4.3.21 Existing Efforts in Addressing Climate Change........................................... 70 4.4 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction ........................................ 71 4.4.1 Typhoons ..................................................................................................... 71 4.4.2 Population Exposure to Typhoon ................................................................ 73 4.4.3 Crops Exposure to Typhoons ...................................................................... 74 4.4.4 Floods and Rainfall-induced Landslides...................................................... 75 4.4.5 Population Exposure to Flooding................................................................. 76 4.4.6 Agricultural Areas Exposure to Flooding ..................................................... 77 4.4.7 Population Exposure to Rainfall-induced Landslide .................................... 78 4.4.8 Agricultural Areas Exposure to Rain-induced Landslide ............................. 79 4.5 Coastal Resources Management ............................................................................... 80 4.5.1 Basin Coastal Environment Profile .............................................................. 80 4.5.2 Fishery and Aquatic Resources ................................................................... 81 4.5.3 Coastal Resources....................................................................................... 81 4.5.4 Ballesteros Coastal Environment Profile ..................................................... 82 4.5.5 Pamplona Coastal Environment Profile....................................................... 84 4.5.6 Sanchez-Mira Coastal Environment Profile ................................................ 85 Table of Contents ii Formulation of an Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan for Apayao-Abulug River Basin 4.6 Institutional Development Needs of the AARB........................................................... 87 4.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 87 4.6.2 Managing River Basins ................................................................................ 88 4.6.3 Experience of Other Countries .................................................................... 92 4.6.4 Philippine Experience .................................................................................. 93 4.6.5 Lessons from the Experiences .................................................................... 94 4.6.6 Policy Direction of the Philippine Government ............................................ 96 4.6.7 Challenges in Managing