U.S. ECONOMIC AND TRADE POLICY TOWARD CUBA HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MAY 7, 1998 Serial 105±73 Printed for the use of the Committee on Ways and Means ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 55±762 CC WASHINGTON : 1999 COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS BILL ARCHER, Texas, Chairman PHILIP M. CRANE, Illinois CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York BILL THOMAS, California FORTNEY PETE STARK, California E. CLAY SHAW, JR., Florida ROBERT T. MATSUI, California NANCY L. JOHNSON, Connecticut BARBARA B. KENNELLY, Connecticut JIM BUNNING, Kentucky WILLIAM J. COYNE, Pennsylvania AMO HOUGHTON, New York SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan WALLY HERGER, California BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JIM MCCRERY, Louisiana JIM MCDERMOTT, Washington DAVE CAMP, Michigan GERALD D. KLECZKA, Wisconsin JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota JOHN LEWIS, Georgia JIM NUSSLE, Iowa RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts SAM JOHNSON, Texas MICHAEL R. MCNULTY, New York JENNIFER DUNN, Washington WILLIAM J. JEFFERSON, Louisiana MAC COLLINS, Georgia JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee ROB PORTMAN, Ohio XAVIER BECERRA, California PHILIP S. ENGLISH, Pennsylvania KAREN L. THURMAN, Florida JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada JON CHRISTENSEN, Nebraska WES WATKINS, Oklahoma J.D. HAYWORTH, Arizona JERRY WELLER, Illinois KENNY HULSHOF, Missouri A.L. SINGLETON, Chief of Staff JANICE MAYS, Minority Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE PHILIP M. CRANE, Illinois, Chairman BILL THOMAS, California ROBERT T. MATSUI, California E. CLAY SHAW, JR., Florida CHARLES B. RANGEL, New York AMO HOUGHTON, New York RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts DAVE CAMP, Michigan JIM MCDERMOTT, Washington JIM RAMSTAD, Minnesota MICHAEL R. MCNULTY, New York JENNIFER DUNN, Washington WILLIAM J. JEFFERSON, Louisiana WALLY HERGER, California JIM NUSSLE, Iowa Pursuant to clause 2(e)(4) of Rule XI of the Rules of the House, public hearing records of the Committee on Ways and Means are also published in electronic form. The printed hearing record remains the official version. Because electronic submissions are used to prepare both printed and electronic versions of the hearing record, the process of converting between various electronic formats may introduce unintentional errors or omissions. Such occur- rences are inherent in the current publication process and should diminish as the process is further refined. ii C O N T E N T S Page Advisory of April 21, 1998, announcing the hearing ............................................ 2 WITNESSES U.S. Department of State, Michael Ranneberger, Coordinator, Cuban Affairs .. 57 Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, Philip Peters .................................................... 137 Americans for Humanitarian Trade With Cuba, Craig L. Fuller ........................ 114 Barnes, Hon. Michael, Hogan & Hartson, L.L.P. and USA Engage .................... 96 Berry, Willard M., European-American Business Council ................................... 80 Center for Strategic and International Studies, Ernest H. Preeg ....................... 143 Cibrian, David J., Jenkens & Gilchrist .................................................................. 133 Cuban Committee for Democracy, Silvia Wilhelm ................................................ 110 Diaz-Balart, Hon. Lincoln, a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida ................................................................................................................... 21 European-American Business Council, Willard M. Berry .................................... 80 Fuller, Craig L., Americans for Humanitarian Trade With Cuba ....................... 114 Gary, W. Bradford, Medical Device Manufacturers Association .......................... 117 Gerdes, Dan, U.S. Wheat Associates ...................................................................... 121 H Enterprises International, Inc., Richard E. O'Leary ........................................ 75 Kavulich, John S. II, U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, Inc .................... 90 Medical Device Manufacturers Association, W. Bradford Gary ........................... 117 Menendez, Hon. Robert, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey ........................................................................................................... 24 Moakley, Hon. John Joseph, a Representative in Congress from the State of Massachusetts .................................................................................................. 10 Muse & Associates, Robert L. Muse ....................................................................... 86 O'Leary, Richard E., H Enterprises International, Inc.; and U.S. Chamber of Commerce ......................................................................................................... 75 Paparian, Hon. William M., Pasadena, CA ........................................................... 130 Peters, Philip, Alexis de Tocqueville Institution ................................................... 137 Preeg, Ernest H., Center for Strategic and International Studies ...................... 143 Quigley, Thomas E., United States Catholic Conference ..................................... 104 Ros-Lehtinen, Hon. Ileana, a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida ................................................................................................................... 15 Torres, Hon. Esteban E., a Representative in Congress from the State of California .............................................................................................................. 39 United States Catholic Conference, Thomas E. Quigley ...................................... 104 USA Engage, Hon. Michael Barnes ....................................................................... 96 U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Richard E. O'Leary ................................................. 75 U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, Inc., John S. Kavulich II .................... 90 U.S. Wheat Associates, Dan Gerdes ....................................................................... 121 Wilhelm, Silvia, Cuban Committee for Democracy ............................................... 110 SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD American Farm Bureau Federation, statement .................................................... 153 Bernstein, Ellen P., Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization, New York, NY, joint statement ........................................................................... 180 Center for a Free Cuba, Frank Calzon, letter and attachment ........................... 155 Cuban American Alliance Education Fund, Inc., Delvis FernaÂndez Levy, statement .............................................................................................................. 158 Duke, Maria de Lourdes, Fundacion Amistad, New York, NY, statement ......... 160 ForCHILDREN, Inc., Arlington, VA, Paul F. McCleary, statement .................... 159 Fundacion Amistad, New York, NY, Maria de Lourdes Duke, statement .......... 160 General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Louisville, KY, Clifton Kirkpatrick, letter and attachment .................................................................... 172 iii Page Global Links, Pittsburgh, PA, Brenda L. Smith, statement ................................ 177 Hamilton, Hon. Lee H., a Representative in Congress from the State of Indiana, statement ............................................................................................... 178 Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization, New York, NY, Schuyler Rhodes, Lucius Walker, Jr., and Ellen P. Bernstein, joint state- ment ...................................................................................................................... 180 Iriondo, Sylvia G., Mothers & Women Against Repression for Cuba, Key Biscayne, FL, letter and attachments ................................................................ 191 Kirkpatrick, Anthony F., University of South Florida, College of Medicine, joint statement and attachments ........................................................................ 183 Kirkpatrick, Clifton, General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Louisville, KY, letter and attachment ................................................................ 172 Kleczka, Hon. Gerald D., a Representative in Congress from the State of Wisconsin, statement ........................................................................................... 189 Levy, Delvis FernaÂndez, Cuban American Alliance Education Fund, Inc., statement .............................................................................................................. 158 McCleary, Paul F., ForCHILDREN, Inc., Arlington, VA, statement ................... 159 Mississippi Black Farmers and Agriculturists Association, Yazoo City, MS, Lloyd Moore, joint statement .............................................................................. 190 Mothers & Women Against Repression for Cuba, Key Biscayne, FL, Sylvia G. Iriondo, letter and attachments ..................................................................... 191 Olivera, Beatriz M., Harris Kessler & Goldstein, Chicago, IL, statement ......... 197 Oxfam America, statement ..................................................................................... 198 Rhodes, Schuyler, Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization, New York, NY, joint statement ........................................................................... 180 Serrano, Hon. JoseÂ