Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Islam in the Modern World This comprehensive introduction explores the landscape of contemporary Islam. Written by a distinguished team of scholars, it: • provides broad overviews of the developments, events, people and movements that have defi ned Islam in the three majority-Muslim regions; • traces the connections between traditional Islamic institutions and concerns, and their modern manifestations and transformations. How are medieval ideas, policies and practices refashioned to address modern circumstances? • investigates new themes and trends that are shaping the modern Muslim experience such as gender, fundamentalism, the media and secularization; • off ers case studies of Muslims and Islam in dynamic interaction with diff erent societies. Islam in the Modern World includes illustrations, summaries, discussion points and suggestions for further reading that will aid understanding and revision. Additional Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 resources are provided via the companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/kenney. Jeffrey T. Kenney is Professor of Religious Studies and University Professor at DePauw University, USA. Ebrahim Moosa is Professor of Religion and Islamic Studies in the Department of Religion at Duke University, USA. Religions in the Modern World Also available: Buddhism in the Modern World Edited by David L. McMahan Forthcoming: Hinduism in the Modern World Edited by Brian A. Hatcher Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 slam in the Modern World I Edited by Jeffrey T. Kenney and Ebrahim Moosa Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 First published in 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Jeff rey T. Kenney and Ebrahim Moosa for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors, their contributions. The right of the editor to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Islam in the modern world / edited by Jeff rey T. Kenney and Ebrahim Moosa. p. cm. -- (Religions in the modern world) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Islam--21st century. 2. Islam--20th century. I. Kenney, Jeff rey T. (Jeff rey Thomas), 1954- II. Moosa, Ebrahim. BP161.3.I739 2013 297--dc23 2013002611 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 ISBN: 978-0-415-78085-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-78086-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-73634-0 (ebk) Typeset in Gentium By Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby To our students ... past, present, and future Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 ontents C List of illustrations ix Notes on contributors xiii Acknowledgements xix Introduction – Jeffrey T. Kenney and Ebrahim Moosa 1 Part I: Traditions and transformations 11 1. Scripture in the modern Muslim world: the Quran and Hadith – Jonathan Brown 13 2. Ethical landscape: laws, norms, and morality – Ebrahim Moosa 35 3. Governance and government – Robert D. Lee 57 4. From Isfahan to the internet: Islamic theology in the global village – Anthony R. Byrd and Richard C. Martin 79 5. Piety and devotion – Carl W. Ernst 107 6. The multiple faces of Islamic education in a secular age – Malika Zeghal 125 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Part II: Themes and trends 149 7. Women and gender in the Muslim world – Valentine M. Moghadam and Namrata Mitra 151 8. #Islam, social networking and the cloud – Gary R. Bunt 177 9. Islam: unbound and global – Bruce B. Lawrence 209 10. Militant movements – William Shepard 231 11. Secularization and the search for an authentic Muslim modern – Jeff rey T. Kenney 255 12. Islam and popular culture – Mark Sedgwick 279 viii contents Part III: Case studies of tradition and change 299 13. The emergence of media preachers: Yusuf al-Qaradawi – Marcia Hermansen 301 14. Assertive secularism, Islam and democracy in Turkey – Ahmet T. Kuru 319 15. The new Muslim Europe – Jørgen S. Nielsen 335 16. Routinizing the Iranian Revolution – Mohsen Kadivar 351 17. Muslim advocacy in America – Kathleen M. Moore 369 18. Women and Islamic law in Bangladesh: fi nding a space for the fatwa – Tiff any A. Hodge 389 19. Far from Mecca: modern Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia – Muhamad Ali 405 20. Politics and Islamization in African public spheres – Abdulkader Tayob 425 Appendix: maps and tables 445 Index 451 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 llustrations I Figures 1.1 Muslim pilgrims visiting Muhammad’s tomb in Medina follow the tradition of saying “Peace be upon you” to him. 16 Courtesy of Jonathan Brown. 1.2 Quranic verse used in state public art in Tehran commemorating those who died in the Iran-Iraq War. It states that the martyrs remain alive with their Lord. 31 Courtesy of Jonathan Brown. 2.1 Islamic banking in Malaysia, 2010. 41 Courtesy of Bloomberg/Getty Images. 3.1 A common Arabic inscription on a wall in rural Morocco: God, King, Country. Found throughout the country, it symbolizes the links between rulership, people and God. 60 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Courtesy of Lauren Kenney. 3.2 Ayatollah Khomeini. 64 Courtesy of iStockphoto. 4.1 Tariq Ramadan. 94 Courtesy of AFP/Getty Images. 5.1 Set of whirling dervishes and other ceramic products on sale at a roadside souvenir stall at Istiklal Caddesi in Istanbul, Turkey. 117 Courtesy of iStockphoto. x illustrations 6.1 al-Azhar University, Cairo. 138 Courtesy of Lauren Kenney. 7.1 After a lecture on the Quran from Asiya Andrabi (seen wearing white gloves), members of Dukhtaran-e-Millat leave their meeting in an illegal madrassa in Srinagar, Kashmir (2007). 157 Courtesy of Veronique de Viguerie/Getty Images. 8.1 Anwar Al-Awlaki. 194 Courtesy of Reuters. 8.2 An Egyptian protester streams a demonstration via Skype in Cairo’s Tahrir Square. 199 Courtesy of Mohammed Abed/AFP/Getty Images. 9.1 M.F. Husain poses in front of one of his paintings (London, 2007). 219 Courtesy of Chris Jackson/Getty Images. 10.1 Hassan al-Banna. 234 © Jamal Nasrallah/epa/Corbis. 11.1 Tahrir Square, Cairo. 273 Courtesy of Jonathan Rashad/Getty Images. 12.1 Halal food store, Japan. 290 © Emran Kassim. 12.2 Islamic fashion store, Canada. 291 © Muhammad Ghouri. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 13.1 Yusuf al-Qaradawi. 304 Courtesy of Fayez Nureldine/AFP/Getty Images. 14.1 Turkish fl ag and statue of Atatürk. 325 Courtesy of Image Source/Getty Images. 15.1 Prayer in Paris, France. 346 Courtesy of Miguel Media/AFP/Getty Images. illustrations xi 16.1 Ayatollah Khomeini is greeted by his supporters during his return to Iran after 15 years in exile (Tehran, 1979). 359 Courtesy of Gabriel Duval/AFP/Getty Images. 16.2 Billboards with Ayatollah Khamenei (current spiritual leader of Iran) and Ayatollah Khomeini (previous leader and force behind the 1979 Revolution). 365 © dbimages/Alamy. 17.1 Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf during a rally in Times Square against the House of Representatives hearings on “Radicalization of American Muslims” chaired by Peter King (New York, March 2011). Demonstrators and religious leaders who spoke to the crowd saw the hearings as divisive and racist. 371 Courtesy of Robert Nickelsberg/Getty Images. 18.1 Female activists shout slogans during a protest against the public caning of women in Dhaka (June 2009). A spike in harsh punishments raised concerns among women’s and human rights activists. 393 Courtesy of Munir Uz Zaman/AFP/Getty Images. 19.1 Petronas Towers and Masjid al-Syakirin Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 419 Courtesy of iStockphoto. 20.1 Crowd outside the mosque in Kano, Nigeria. 431 Courtesy of Aminu Abubakar/AFP/Getty Images. 20.2 Boy going to Islamic school in Cape Town, South Africa. 435 Courtesy of Shaamielah Davids. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 Tables 7.1 Social/gender indicators, Muslim-majority countries by region (2010) 163–4 7.2 Women’s organizations in selected Muslim-majority countries, and priority campaigns (c. 2010) 166–7 7.3 Legal and policy changes in selected Muslim-majority countries (2006–11) 168–9 14.1 State-religion regimes and democracy in 49 Muslim-majority countries 322 xii illustrations 14.2 Periods of democratization and de-democratization in Turkey 323 17.1 Pew Forum Report, “Lobbying for the Faithful: Religious Advocacy in Washington, DC” 373 17.2 Major Muslim American advocacy organizations and the dates they were founded 383 18.1 Court cases and judgments 394 A Muslim population by region 448 B Countries with the largest number of Muslims 448 C Countries with the largest number of Muslims living as minorities 449 Maps A Distribution of Muslim population by country and territory 446 B World distribution of Muslim population 447 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:29 24 May 2016 ontributors C Muhamad Ali, PhD is an Assistant Professor in Islamic Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of California, Riverside, USA.