Ancestral Pueblos Curriculum Grade 4 1 Introduction The Heard Museum is pleased to offer this 4th Grade curriculum focused on the Ancestral Pueblos as the first of a series of curricula focused on the American Indians of the Southwest. This curriculum offers students general information divided into key components so they can develop a basic understanding of the Ancestral Pueblos. In addition to informational text written for Grade 4 students, we offer questions that can be used for discus- sion or journaling and are designed for students to make personal, empathic connections to the text. Further- more, this curriculum includes a range of activities that relate to Social Studies, English, Science, Math, and Art. For a list of the Arizona state standards addressed, see page 4. This curriculum can be used in its entirety, or as a supplement. We understand that teachers may need to alter some of the activities based on the needs of individual groups and available materials. Overall Objective The focus of this packet is to give students exposure to the Ancestral Pueblo people: where they lived, what they lived in, and how they lived. The curriculum strives to give students a sense of the technological ad- vancements in architecture, agriculture, and art, and the complex social structures developed by people well over one thousand years ago. The Heard Museum has made the decision to call our curriculum the Ancestral Pueblos instead of Anasazi. Ancestral Pueblo is a more accurate description of the people who built the first villages in the Southwest and it is the name preferred by American Indians. The word “Anasazi” is a Navajo word which means “ancient enemies” or “the ancestors of our enemies” and was given to the Ancestral Pueblo people by archeologists almost one hundred years ago. In addition, the last section of the packet is focused on the Puebloan people of today so students conclude the unit with an understanding that the Ancestral Pueblos are not only part of the past and the subject of study by archaeologists, but are very much a part of the present. This packet will be followed by a more thorough look at the Puebloan people of today. Since Arizona is native land with Indigenous culture woven into our daily lives, we hope students will become more aware of this intersectionality and will have a deeper understanding and appreciation of the Native influences that are so prevalent in the Southwest. We hope fellow educators will join us in raising awareness of the complex societies and technologies devel- oped by the Ancestral Pueblo people as we teach this history to new generations, and will use the Heard Museum, as well as our acclaimed library and archives, as a resource to use in the classroom, for a museum tour, or a specialized workshop. Regards, Sharah Nieto Director of Education Afsaneh Moradian Instructional Designer This curriculum packet is supported by the Virginia M. Ullman Foundation 2 Table of Contents Introduction 2 AZ State Standards 4 Student Text 5 - 18 Activity #1 20 Material #1 21 Activity #2 22 Material #2 23 Activity #3 24 Activity #4 26 Material #3 27 Activity #5 28 Activity #6 29 Activity #7 30 Material #4 31 Activity #8 32 Materials Included: Cover image: Western Ancestral Pueblo, Medicine black-on-red jar and Ancestral Pueblos Student Text cotton yarn, A.D. 1075-1125, 3.25 x 5.25. The protection that ceramics offer household goods is demonstrated by the condition of these hanks of Activity 1: Ramson Lomatewama’s poem beautifully spun and dyed two-ply cotton yarn that were stored in this jar. “Cloud Brothers” Historically, the Hopi people grew cotton and traded both raw cotton and Activity 2: Face Graphic organizer cotton cloth with many neighboring groups. Activity 5: Venn Diagram Activity 7: PowerPoint presentation Note: Please look over the curriculum in its entirety before planning how to use it. There are activities (and some corresponding materials) provided for each section with photos of the Today’s Pueblos of Ancestral Pueblos Student text. Students can read the entire Ancestral Pueblos Activity 7: Today’s Pueblos Graphic Organizer Student text first; however, it is recommended to read one section with the class and then do a related activity from the curriculum in order to solidify student learn- ing before moving on to the next section. For this reason, many of the activities begin with the students reading a section from the Ancestral Pueblos Student text and viewing a digital projection of specific images. The Student text is a revised version of the text found in The activities only ask students to read the different sections of the Ancestral Native Peoples of the Southwest curriculum, Anasazi: The Pueblos Student text, but do not provide specific instructions. This is left vague Ancient Villagers written by Project Director Susan L. Shaffer for a reason. Teachers have many strategies to involve students in reading: Educational Services Manager, The Heard Museum and read aloud, silent reading, reading in small groups, students taking turns read- Instructional Designers Maria Harper-Marinick Mable B. Kinzie ing to the class, close readings, etc. Teachers should feel empowered to use the strategy of their choice; the activities only require that the students have The Heard Museum © 1987 read the section before attempting the activity. 3 AZ State Standards Activity 1: English English 4.RL.4: Determine the meaning of words, phrases, and figurative Poetry language found in stories, poetry, myths, and traditional literature from different cultures, including those that allude to significant characters. English 4.W.4: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the develop- ment and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.) English 4.RF.4: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. a. Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding. b. Read grade-level prose and poetry orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings. c. Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understand- ing, rereading as necessary. Activity 3: English 4.SL.1: Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on- Architecture Art one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 4 topics Math and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.a. Come to discussions prepared having read or studied required material; ex- plicitly draw on that preparation and other information known about the topic to explore ideas under discussion. B. Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions and carry out assigned roles. C. Pose and respond to specific questions to clarify or follow up on information, and make comments that contribute to the discussion and link to the remarks of others.d. Review the key ideas expressed and explain their own ideas and understanding based on the discussion. VA.CR.2.4c: Describe and visually represent regional constructed environ- ments (such as school, playground, park, street or store). 4.G.A.1 Draw points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines. Identify these in two-dimen- sional figures. Activity 4: Social Studies Geography Strand 4 PO3: Construct maps using symbols to represent Creating Maps Art human and physical features. VA.CR.2.4c: Describe and visually represent regional constructed environ- ments (such as school, playground, park, street or store). Activity 5: Science Strand 4 C2: Understand the life cycles of plants and animals. Sister Garden Activity 6: Art V.A.C.R.1.4: b. Collaboratively set goals and create artwork that is mean- Pottery ingful and has purpose to the makers (such as individual works with a similar purpose or group work with shared goals). Activity 8: Social Studies SS Strand1 PO1a: Use the following to interpret historical data: Timeline interpret historical data: a. timelines – B.C.E. and B.C.; C.E. and A.D. b. graphs, tables, charts, and maps. 4 Ancestral Pueblos Student Text Ancestors Did you ever wonder why you are sitting in a classroom in this town? How did you get to this place? Do you know how your family came to live in your state or even in the United States? Do you know what country or continent they lived in before coming to the U.S.? The stories of our families go back thousands of years, even though we probably don’t know their names or exactly what their lives were like. All of our family members who have come before us (including our great-great-great-great grandparents) are our ancestors. A family tree, for example, is a way to see the generations of someone’s family. While our ancestors are our family, we all come from (are descended from) the first humans who began to live on this and other continents. The information you are going to read and learn about is what we know of the Ancestors of the Pueblo tribes that live in the Southwest. We call them Ancestral Pueblos because they are the ancestors who built the first cities and villages in the Southwestern United States. While you read, you will notice how much our lives today are influenced ABOVE: Map displaying by Ancestral Pueblo people — from art to the food Ancestral Pueblo regions. we eat. The Ancestral Pueblo people began constructing Zuni Pueblo deer in its house villages and towns on the Colorado Plateau before pottery design. 1500 B.C.. (that’s nearly 3,500 years ago) and their descendants continue living there today. BELOW: This region doesn’t have much water. There are Towaya’lone, Zuni Sacred few rivers here.