Volume I, Issue 4 Volume I, Issue 4 October 2006 October 2006 CEU Political Science Journal CEU Political Science Journal The Graduate Student Review The Graduate Student Review Central European University Central European University Department of Political Science Department of Political Science 1 TABLE OF CONTENT Advisory Board 3 FOREWORD S.M.Amadae Carsten Q. Schneider ARTICLES 6 ETHNIC DIVERSITY, ELECTORAL SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS AND THE Editorial Board NATIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES Stela Garaz Daniel Bochsler Sergiu Gherghina Arpad Todor 38 ANALYZING THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENTAL SCENE. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES Managing Editors Alexandra Ionascu Sergiu Gherghina 65 SHAPING VOTERS’ BEHAVIOR IN Arpad Todor NASCENT DEMOCRACIES: COMPARING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN RUSSIA (2000) AND UKRAINE (2004) Oksana Polyuga 85 THE BALKAN BULLET WITH BUTTERFLY WINGS Dylan Kissane 107 IS THE PROCESS OF DEMOCRATIZATION THE MEAN FOR A PEACEFUL WORLD? A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY Nikolaos Panagiotou Department of Political Science 117 SOCIAL POLICY REFORM IN POST- COMMUNIST ROMANIA: FACING THE EU CEU Budapest CHANGES Simona Vonica Radutiu ISSN 1992-3147 132 GOING AGAINST THE GRAIN: WOMEN ON CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN LABOR MARKETS DURING THE TRANSITION Vessela Daskalova FOREWORD related to the topic was added due to its theoretical value on democracy and The processes implied by transition, the democratization. The articles’ phenomenon per se, and its effects on multidisciplinary character is a direct political, economic, social and cultural result of the complexity of issues present spheres have been intensely debated in the within the transition process. Political Science literature in the past decades. The increased attention paid to The goal of this fourth issue of the CEU transitions, especially after the end of the Political Science Journal is to reveal the Cold War, the fall of Communism in multitude of topics involved in many Central and Eastern Europe, and the subfields of political science, ranging dissolution of the Soviet Union, leads to from theories of democratization to the testing theories and hypotheses elaborated status of the international system and from in other contexts and provides the ground party nationalization and elite behavior to for making new ones. If the end of the gender-segregated analysis on labor Cold War could not be predicted, scholars markets and social policy reforms. The seemed to take this as a failure and tried to combination of neo-institutional and predict the end of transition. However, behavioralist approaches on one side, and this significant failure did not deter a new single case-studies, comparative and generation of scholars from approaching large-N cases on the other side indicates the issues of transition. the preoccupation on in-depth analysis of the phenomena, most of them challenging The Graduate Conference organized by existing theories in the literature. The Central European University in May 2006 theoretical perspectives serve to approached the issue of transition from a strengthen the efforts made in providing multi-disciplinary perspective. It was new frameworks for analysis and primarily targeted at providing the identifying new causes for regional or framework for an interdisciplinary world processes and phenomena. academic debate and contributing to the development of knowledge networks Based on the analysis of party elites, among peers and academics outside their Alexandra Ionascu and Oksana Polyuga’s field of study and specific methodological articles trace two current problems in the approaches. As a direct result, the transition process in central and Eastern conference produced valuable work with Europe. The former, using a case-study on respect to its topic. Out of the forty papers Romania, emphasizes the theoretical and presented, six were selected to be methodological difficulties in analyzing transformed into articles for the special the professionalization of governmental issue of the journal. An additional paper elites and the development of decision- 3 making procedures in the cabinets, there is evidence for an international whereas Oksana Polyuga, in a system that is something other than comparative case-study of Russia and anarchical. Nikolaos Panagiotou’s effort Ukraine, analyzes and compares how the of analyzing democratic peace theory rests power elite makes use of its attributes to on the premise that democratization can shape voters’ behavior. In the same area be seen both as an internal process of parties, Daniel Bochsler focuses on towards democracy and external effort to party nationalization in the new promote or establish democratic regimes. democracies in Central and Eastern The main argument of the paper is that Europe, presenting for a first time the democratization fails to deter states from degree of party nationalization in 16 pursuing their interests through war and countries of the region. fits in with the current debates regarding the newly emerging democracies. In the subfields of public policy and political economy two different Overall, this issue of the journal represents approaches shed light on problems faced a survey of the preoccupations of young by Central and Eastern European states. scholars interested in the region. These Using the example of Romania, Simona articles do not only include innovative Vonica-Radutiu elaborates on the context methods to approaching classical of social policy reform in East European problems in social sciences, but also countries, addressing the question of provide a clear and straightforward development paths in the welfare state. By development of solid arguments. conducting an analysis of ten former communist countries, Vessela NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS Daskalova’s research focuses on gender- CEU Political Science Journal publishes segregated aspects of the labor market, scholarly research of merit focusing on the providing an alternative explanation to the topics promoted by the Journal and current literature on macro-economic meeting the standard requirements for reforms. academic research in terms of The two works on International Relations conceptualization, operationalization, included in this issue follow different methodological application and .analysis tracks, with different goals. Dylan of results. We strive to promote those Kissane’s research provides a critique to works that approach a significant research the anarchic view that characterizes the problem and answer research questions of discipline, drawing on inter-disciplinary general interest in political science. Due to approach and suggesting that, in the the fact that the Journal addresses a wide example of the origins of World War One, range of academics we encourage 4 presentation of research to be made at a There are two standard requirements for level where it is understandable to the vast the reviews: they should not exceed 1,200 majority most of the target group. words and should address books that are considered of general importance in In our attempt to promote original works, political science and the related fields. If we do not accept articles that are under you are the author of a book you wish to review at other publications or articles that be considered for review, please send us have parts that were published or are an e-mail and we can arrange the details forthcoming under the same form in other concerning the mailing of the book. If you places. 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Starting with the first issue in 2007, CEU Political Science Journal encourages contributions in the form of book reviews. 5 THE NATIONALIZATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES A triangle model, applied on the Central and Eastern European countries DANIEL BOCHSLER Tartu Ülikooli, Tartu (Estonia) / Université de Genève, Geneva (Switzerland), [email protected] consequence for government Abstract1 centralization – while the existence of regionally distinct party system (low The study of "party nationalization" is a nationalization) may lead to claims for young topic in the field of political party decentralization. research. It investigates the regional Instead, the cleavage structure, and heterogeneity of political parties. particularly ethnic cleavage, appears to "Nationalization" stands for the homo- be important for the regional structure of geneity of parties’ electoral support the party system. An empirical test on across regions, or the absence of regional Central and Eastern European countries differences in the party system. This shows that indeed the ethnic structure, article shall discuss party nationalization combined with electoral system in the new democracies in Central and constraints (high national thresholds) are Eastern Europe, presenting for a first time the best predictor of the party the degree of party