A PSYCHOBIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF ROBERT NESTA “BOB” MARLEY LYNN WILLIS 200338234 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS In Clinical Psychology In the Faculty of Health Sciences At the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Supervisor: Ms. Alida Sandison March 2017 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own, except for quotations and summaries, which have been duly acknowledged. I understand what plagiarism is and none of this work is plagiarized.It is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. It has not been submitted for any other degree or examination at any other university. Lynn Willis Date: 30 March 2016 Student Number: 200338234 Qualification: MA Clinical Psychology ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the following people for their encouragement and support through this process. Firstly the completion of this treatise would not have been remotely possible without the help of my Almighty and encouragement of my parents. A warmhearted thank you to Tracy McIntyre who believed in me throughout this process and whose unfailing support and motivation gave me the strength I needed to complete this treatise. A special thank you to my supervisor Ms Alida Sandison who guided the research and helped develop my skills and expertise. And last but not least thank you to all the friends and family who served as a sounding board to my thoughts and feelings. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION....................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... ii APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. x ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................. 1 Motivation for the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 Overview of the Psychobiographical Approach ................................................................... 2 Overview of Theoretical Framework .................................................................................... 2 Overview of Marley’s Life .................................................................................................... 4 Aim of the Research .............................................................................................................. 5 Overview of the Treatise ....................................................................................................... 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................. 7 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 7 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................. 7 Historical Context of Ta ........................................................................................................ 7 Structural Analysis ................................................................................................................ 8 Functional Model. ............................................................................................................... 10 iv Parent. ............................................................................................................................... 10 Adult. ................................................................................................................................ 11 Child. ................................................................................................................................. 11 Structural Model. ................................................................................................................. 13 Parent2. .............................................................................................................................. 13 Adult2. ............................................................................................................................... 13 Child2. ................................................................................................................................ 14 Transactional Analysis Proper ............................................................................................ 15 Different types of transactions. ......................................................................................... 16 Complimentary. ................................................................................................................ 16 Crossed. ............................................................................................................................. 17 Ulterior. ............................................................................................................................. 18 Script Analysis .................................................................................................................. 19 Definition and Elements of scripts. ................................................................................... 21 Has a payoff. ..................................................................................................................... 21 Is directional. .................................................................................................................... 21 Reinforced by parents. ...................................................................................................... 21 Outside of awareness. ....................................................................................................... 22 Redefines reality. .............................................................................................................. 22 Life positions. ................................................................................................................... 22 Different kinds of scripts. ................................................................................................. 24 Script process. ................................................................................................................... 25 The script matrix. .............................................................................................................. 26 Drivers. ............................................................................................................................. 27 Programme. ....................................................................................................................... 27 v Injunctions. ....................................................................................................................... 28 Don’t be (don’t exist). ....................................................................................................... 28 Don’t be you. .................................................................................................................... 28 Don’t be a child. ................................................................................................................ 28 Don’t grow up. .................................................................................................................. 28 Don’t make it. ................................................................................................................... 29 Don’t do anything. ............................................................................................................ 29 Don’t be important. ........................................................................................................... 29 Don’t belong. .................................................................................................................... 29 Don’t be close. .................................................................................................................. 29 Don’t be well (don’t be sane). .......................................................................................... 30 Don’t think. ....................................................................................................................... 30 Don’t feel. ......................................................................................................................... 30 Strokes and Time Structuring ........................................................................................... 31 Game analysis. .................................................................................................................