Index A clinical applications , 20–21 Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) medicine side effects and contraindications , 21 abdominal wall dissection , 440–441 pharmacology , 20 anatomy , 438–440 Aortic aneurysms , 529, 730 clinical presentation , 437–438 Arcade of Frohse (AF) , 351 complications , 447, 448 Arcade of Struthers (AS) , 386 diagnostic tests , 443–444 Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (ATOS) , 327–329 differential diagnosis , 442 Auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) identifi cation and treatment , 444 anatomy , 107–108 incidence , 437 complications , 113 injection techniques entrapment fl uoroscopic-guided technique , 446 clinical presentation , 104–106 landmark-guided technique , 444 contributing factors , 110–111 subcutaneous hydrodissection (neural therapy) , 445, 446 differential diagnosis , 110 TAP block , 445 fl uoroscopy , 112 ultrasound-guided technique , 445 focal compression , 110 intra-abdominal vs. abdominal wall , 442 landmark-guided technique , 111–112 neurolytic/surgical techniques medial and lateral pterygoid muscles , 109 chemodenervation , 446 neurolytic/surgical technique , 112–113 cryoneuroablation , 446, 447 physical exam , 110 neuromodulation , 446, 447 secretomotor fi bers , 109 radiofrequency neuroablation , 446 ultrasound-guided technique , 112 surgical resection , 446–447 zygomaticotemporal nerve , 109 physical examination , 441 Auriculotemporal syndrome , 106 sites of anchoring , 438, 440 Axillary nerve (AN) Abdomino-inguinal syndrome , 655 anatomy , 306, 307 Abductor digiti minimi (ADM) , 390 entrapment Abductor hallucis muscle (AbH) , 819, 872 clinical presentation , 305–306 Accessory peroneal nerve , 747, 771 complications , 314 ACNES. See Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) diagnostic tests , 309–310 Acupuncture , 30 differential diagnosis quadrilateral , Adductor (Hunter’s) canal , 628, 630 308–310 Adductor hallucis muscle (AdH) , 835 fl uoroscopy , 311–312 AdH. See Adductor hallucis muscle (AdH) identifi cation and treatment , 310 Adson’s sign , 320 landmark-guided injection , 311 Alcock’s canal. See Pudendal canal neurolytic technique , 313 Alcock’s syndrome. See Pudendal neuralgia (PNa) physical exam , 308 Ankle foot orthosis (AFO) , 752, 753 surgical technique , 313 Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment (ACNE) , 400–402 ultrasound-guided injection , 312–313 Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) , 369, 370 Anterior lateral femoral cutaneous nerve , 618–619 Anterior recurrent peroneal nerve (ARPN) , 750, 751, 753, 770, 772 B Anterior recurrent peroneal syndrome , 751 Baker’s cyst , 822 Anterior scalene muscle, palpation of , 332, 333 Bernhardt-Roth syndrome , 667 Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) , 624 Bleeding , 85–86 GFN , 661 Botulinum neurotoxin , 141 hip joint, percutaneous RF lesioning , 624 Botulinum toxin , 323 Anterior tarsal tunnel (ATT) syndrome , 769, 773, 775 auriculotemporal nerve entrapment , 112 Anticonvulsants superfi cial peroneal nerve (SPN) entrapment , 766 clinical application , 22 supraorbital neuralgia , 193 pharmacology , 21 third occipital nerve (TON) entrapment , 168 Antidepressants Brachial neuritis , 295 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 883 A.M. Trescot (ed.), Peripheral Nerve Entrapments: Clinical Diagnosis and Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27482-9 884 Index C greater occipital nerve (GON) entrapment , 140 Calcaneal nerve. See Medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) ICN entrapment , 549 Calcaneal stress fracture , 862 infraorbital neuralgia (IN) , 202 Capsaicin , 23 intercostal neuralgia (IN) , 287–289 Carbamazepine , 22 interdigital nerve (IDN) entrapment , 791 Carnett test , 402, 441 lesser occipital nerve entrapment , 155–156 Carpal compression test , 376 LTN entrapment , 298 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) , 332 lumbar plexus, lower extremity entrapment , 740 clinical presentation , 371 mandibular nerve entrapment , 223, 226–227 entrapment , 373–374 maxillary nerve entrapment , 214, 215 neurolysis/surgical technique , 379 mental nerve neuropathy (MNN) , 237 Catamenial sciatica , 529, 730 proximal sciatic nerve (SN) entrapment , 723 Cauda equina syndrome , 451, 453, 527, 529, 535, 727, 730 spinal accessory nerve (SAN) entrapment , 262, 264 Cellulitis , 779, 792 superfi cial peroneal nerve (SPN) entrapment , 766 Chemodenervation , 446 superior cluneal nerve entrapment , 561, 563 Chemoneurolytic techniques supraorbital neuralgia , 192 alcohol , 46 suprascapular nerve (SN) entrapment , 276 history of , 45–46 sural nerve (SN) entrapment , 805–806, 809 phenol third occipital nerve (TON) entrapment , 166–167 fl uoroscopic guidance , 46 Cubital tunnel syndrome , 332, 384, 385 local anesthetic effect , 47 metabolism and toxicity , 47 pan-axonal damage , 47 D precautions , 48 Deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN) , 349 protein denaturation , 47 anatomy , 351–352 Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 8, 646 entrapment Cluster headaches , 209 clinical presentation , 349–351 Common peroneal nerve (CPN) complications , 357 anatomy , 747–749 differential diagnosis , 354–355 entrapment entrapment , 352, 353 accessory sesamoid bone (fabella) , 748 fl uoroscopic guided technique , 356 clinical features , 745–747 Hawkins test , 354 complications , 756 history and physical examination , 352, 353 cryoneuroablation , 753, 755 landmark-guided technique , 355–356 diagnostic tests , 751, 752 lateral epicondylitis , 353 double crush phenomenon , 749 middle fi nger test , 354 fl uoroscopic-guided injection , 752, 753 occupational risk factor , 355 identifi cation and treatment , 752 PINS , 349, 354 landmark-guided injection , 752 provocative tests , 353, 354 lateral sural nerve and sural communicating branch , 748, 749 surgical treatment , 357 neurostimulation , 753–755 US guided technique , 356 patellar tendinopathy , 749, 750 Deep peroneal nerve (DPN) peroneal tunnel (fi bular tunnel) , 747 anatomy physical examination , 750–751 anterior ankle , 771, 772 radiofrequency lesioning , 753 ARPN , 770, 772 recurrent auricular branch (anterior recurrent peroneal nerve) , dorsal foot dissection , 771, 774 748–749 dorsalis pedis artery , 771, 773 surgical techniques , 754, 756 LBDPN and MBDPN , 771–773 ultrasound-guided injection , 752–754 entrapment Compartment block , 459, 460 astragular joint , 773 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) , 627 ATT syndrome/partial ATT syndrome , 769, 773, 775 Coracoid process , 306 clinical presentation , 769–770 Costen’s syndrome , 221 complications , 779 Costoclavicular syndrome , 332 cryoneuroablation , 778–779 Cross-body adduction test , 342 diagnostic tests , 775, 776 Cryoneuroablation , 346, 408, 409, 446, 447, 541, 549, 561, 563, 869 differential diagnosis , 775 AN entrapment , 313 fl uoroscopy-guided technique , 778 auriculotemporal nerve entrapment , 112 identifi cation and treatment , 775–776 common peroneal nerve (CPN) entrapment , 753, 755 landmark-guided technique , 776 deep peroneal nerve (DPN) entrapment , 778–779 LBDPN , 773, 774 DSN entrapment , 322 MBDPN , 773, 774 glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) , 247, 249 phenol and alcohol , 779 great auricular/posterior auricular nerve entrapment , 123 physical examination , 774–775 Index 885 posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome , 773–774 differential diagnosis , 621 posterior tibial nerve , 774 entrapment/injury , 619, 620 surgical technique , 779 femoral-iliacus compartment , 618 ultrasound-guided (US) technique , 777, 778 femoral triangle , 618 Deltoid extension lag sign , 308 iliacus fascia , 618 Desensitization therapy , 418 iliolumbar vessels , 618 Diabetes , 452 inguinal ligament , 619–622, 624 Digital nerves , 835 injections, anesthesia , 617 Digital nerve stretch test , 784, 787 injection technique , 622–624 Dorsal ramus syndrome , 555, 558 lumbar plexus , 617–619, 621 Dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) neuropathies , 617 anatomy , 316–317 occupation/exercise/trauma history , 617 entrapment pathology , 624 clinical presentation , 315–316 patient identifi cation , 617, 618 complications , 323 pectineus muscle , 618 diagnostic tests , 320 pelvic retraction , 622 differential diagnosis , 320 physical exam , 621 fl uoroscopy-guided injection , 322 psoas muscle , 618 identifi cation and treatment , 321 and saphenous , 618, 620 landmark-guided injection , 320–322 saphenous nerve , 617–619 neurolytic technique , 322–323 signs , 618 physical exam , 318–319 Femoral neuropathy , 452, 528 stimulation , 323 Fexor hallucis brevis (FHB) , 846 surgery , 323 FHL. See Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) ultrasound-guided injection , 322–323 F H L T . See Flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) Dorsifl exion eversion test , 850 Fibularis longus muscle , 747 Down the barrel technique , 739 Finkelstein test , 364 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (FDMB) , 835 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle (FDB) , 834, 861 E Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) , 820, 846 Eagle’s syndrome , 244 Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) , 820 Effort thrombosis , 329 Flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) , 824 Elbow Foot necrosis , 779, 792 treatment-resistant tennis elbow , 353 Fourth toe sign , 763 UN entrapment , 386–387 Frey syndrome , 112 diagnostic tests , 391 differential diagnosis , 391 landmark-guided technique , 392, 393 G physical exam , 390–391 Gabapentin , 22 ultrasound-guided technique , 393, 394 Gastrocnemius groove , 796 Electrical stimulation , 462 Genitofemoral nerve (GFN), abdominal Electroacupuncture , 30, 560–561 anatomy Electromyography (EMG) , 35, 295 femoral branch , 426, 429 Elevated arm stress test (EAST) , 332, 333 genital branch , 426, 428 Endometriosis , 453, 529–530 and LFCN , 428 Endoscopic retroperitoneal