This Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update has been completed by Barton & Loguidice, P.C., under the direction and support of the Tompkins County Planning Department. All jurisdictions within the County participated in this update process. A special thanks to the representatives and various project team members, whose countless time and effort on this project was instrumental in putting together a concise and meaningful document. Tompkins County Planning Department 121 East Court Street Ithaca, New York 14850 Tompkins County Department of Emergency Response Emergency Response Center 92 Brown Road Ithaca, New York 14850 Tompkins County Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents Section Page Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................1 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................3 1.2 Plan Purpose.............................................................................................................4 1.3 Planning Participants ...............................................................................................6 1.4 Hazard Mitigation Planning Process ........................................................................8 2.0 Tompkins County Profile ..................................................................................................9 2.1 Geographic Location ................................................................................................9 2.2 Climate Change in Tompkins County....................................................................10 2.3 Historical Overview ...............................................................................................12 2.4 Demographics ........................................................................................................13 2.5 Land Use ................................................................................................................15 2.6 Economic Characteristics and Employment ..........................................................18 2.7 Transportation ........................................................................................................19 2.8 Critical Community Facilities ................................................................................21 2.9 Tompkins County Department of Emergency Response .......................................21 3.0 Planning Process ..............................................................................................................22 3.1 Resources and Information Collection...................................................................22 3.1.1 Planning Mechanisms and Capabilities .....................................................22 3.2 Planning Team and Technical Committee .............................................................25 3.3 Jurisdiction Participation .......................................................................................25 3.4 Public Participation ................................................................................................26 3.5 Coordination with Agencies ..................................................................................26 4.0 Risk Assessment ...............................................................................................................28 4.1 Framing the Risk Assessment Using HIRA-NY ...................................................29 4.2 Hazard Identification .............................................................................................32 4.3 Results of the Tompkins County HIRA-NY ..........................................................38 4.4 Presidential Disaster Declaration ...........................................................................41 4.5 Natural Gas Drilling ...............................................................................................42 5.0 Hazard Histories and Future Potential .........................................................................44 5.1 Natural Hazard Profiles..........................................................................................45 5.1.1 Severe Storms and Hurricane.....................................................................45 5.1.2 Flash Flood.................................................................................................48 5.1.3 Earthquake .................................................................................................52 5.1.4 Lake Flood .................................................................................................55 5.1.5 Severe Winter Storm and Ice Storm ..........................................................56 560.018.001/12.13 - i - Barton & Loguidice, P.C. Tompkins County Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents – Continued Section Page 5.1.6 Ice Jams ......................................................................................................57 5.1.7 Landslides ..................................................................................................59 5.1.8 Drought ......................................................................................................60 5.1.9 Infestation ..................................................................................................61 5.1.10 Extreme Temperatures ...............................................................................66 5.1.11 Epidemic ....................................................................................................68 5.1.12 Tornado ......................................................................................................69 5.2 Technological and Human-caused Hazard Profiles ...............................................71 5.2.1 Transportation Accident.............................................................................71 5.2.2 Fuel Shortage .............................................................................................73 5.2.3 Fire (Urban) ...............................................................................................74 5.2.4 Utility Failure .............................................................................................75 5.2.5 Water Supply Contamination .....................................................................76 5.2.6 Hazardous Materials in Transit ..................................................................78 5.2.7 Terrorism....................................................................................................79 5.2.8 Civil Unrest ................................................................................................80 6.0 Hazard Vulnerability .......................................................................................................82 6.1 Identify Assets .......................................................................................................82 6.2 Damage Potential ...................................................................................................82 6.3 Development Trends ..............................................................................................87 6.3.1 Affordable Housing ...................................................................................88 6.3.2 Development Focus Areas .........................................................................88 7.0 Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation ................................................................................89 7.1 Mitigation and Adaptation Goals ...........................................................................89 7.2 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategy .......................................................................89 7.2.1 Mitigation and Adaptation Actions ............................................................89 7.2.2 2006 Plan Implementation .........................................................................91 7.2.3 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategy ...........................................................91 7.2.4 Mitigation and Adaptation Action Prioritization .......................................98 8.0 National Flood Insurance Program ..............................................................................103 8.1 Tompkins County Flood Mapping .......................................................................103 8.2 Tompkins County NFIP Policy and Loss Statistics .............................................104 8.3 NFIP Mitigation Actions......................................................................................106 560.018.001/12.13 - ii - Barton & Loguidice, P.C. Tompkins County Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents – Continued Page 9.0 Plan Maintenance Process .............................................................................................108 9.1 Plan Monitoring and Evaluation ..........................................................................108 9.2 Plan Updating.......................................................................................................109 9.3 Local Planning Considerations ............................................................................109 9.4 Public Involvement ..............................................................................................112