CERNJanuary/February 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME Coming to terms with naturalness Individual recognition in particle physics CERN Courier – digital edition Twin bids for a 100 km collider Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2019 issue of CERN Courier. LHC EXPERIMENTS Particle physics rarely stands still, and the articles in this issue offer a snapshot REBORN of activities under way at CERN and elsewhere to secure the field into the next decade and beyond. Chief among these are the upgrades to the LHC experiments. Already exceeding its design luminosity, the LHC and its injector chain were shut down at the end of 2018 for two years of maintenance and upgrades, many of which are geared towards the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scheduled to operate from 2026. To maximise the physics potential of this unique machine, the seven LHC experiments are using the current “long-shutdown two” to overhaul their detectors – a massive and complex effort that will continue during long-shutdown three beginning in 2024. HL-LHC promises a rich physics programme lasting into the 2030s at this curious time for the field, but strategic decisions need to be taken soon to ensure that there is minimal gap between the LHC and the next major collider. In recent months, China and Europe have launched design reports for a 100 km machine that would open a new era of exploration, while a decision is also imminent regarding a possible international linear collider in Japan. These and numerous other considerations will shape the upcoming update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, more than 150 submissions for which were received by the deadline of 18 December. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY DESIGN STUDIO, IOP PUBLISHING, UK CCJanFeb19_Cover-v3.indd 1 16/01/2019 15:54 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 9 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 9 CERNCOURIER.COM IN THIS ISSUE V OLUME 5 9 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 01 9 It’s Time for a New Generation of Power Solutions! MilaneseA CER N-PHO T O-201809-217-34 A LICE-PHO-SK E-2017-002-27 FOR RESISTIVE AND SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS Future collider Magnet design for an CT-BOX Upgrade central The ALICE inner detectors. 25 FCC-ee quadrupole. 38 On stage Edoardo Amaldi’s life. 50 All-In-One Current Measurement and Calibration System Up to ±1.000 A, 1 ppm/K TC, 100 ksps Data-Logger and Oscilloscope CT-Viewer software included with Ethernet, Serial and USB NEWS PEOPLE EASY-DRIVER ±5 A and ±10 A / ±20 V Bipolar Power Supply Series ANALYSIS ENERGY FRONTIERS FIELD NOTES CAREERS OBITUARIES Bids for a 100 km collider CMS explores Wuppertal summer James Stirling 1953– Full-Bipolar operation, Digital Control Loop, Ethernet Connectivity Standing out from Actinides end with spin of top-quark school DIS2018 2018 John Mulvey Device supported by Visual Easy-Driver software • • the crowd • lawrencium • First pairs • Shining • RUPAC2018 • LHCb ECFA explores how to 1929–2018 • Paul beam at FACET-II • New light on the proton workshop • CERN– recognise individual Baillon 1938–2018. 57 FAST-PS-M centre for precision with ALICE • Dark- South Africa milestone achievement in large Digital Monopolar Power Supplies - up to 100 A studies • Collider hunts sector exploration at • ISOLDE workshop scientific collaborations. dark energy Fast ATLAS Real-time CERN-Austria PhD High-Precision Monopolar Power Converters with Gigabit Ethernet • • • 53 radio bursts. 8 triggering for LHCb. 15 programme. 18 Embedded Linux OS, device supported by Visual PS software FEATURES FAST-PS Digital Bipolar Power Supplies - up to ±30 A and ±80 V ALICE UPGRADE CMS UPGRADE ATLAS UPGRADE LHCb UPGRADE FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDER Full-Bipolar, Digital Control Loop, High-Bandwidth, 10/100/1000 Ethernet ALICE revitalised CMS has high ATLAS upgrades LHCb’s momentous Embedded Linux OS, device supported by Visual PS software The ALICE experiment luminosity in sight in LS2 metamorphosis A giant leap for is being upgraded to A challenge for CMS is New wheel-shaped The LHCb detector is to physics make even more precise to prepare the detector detectors are be practically rebuilt to A 100 km supercollider FAST-PS-1K5 measurements of for future installations among numerous allow it to collect physics at CERN would open a Digital Bipolar Power Supplies - up to ±100 A and ±100 V extreme nuclear matter. necessary for HL-LHC. transformations events at a rate 10 times new era in fundamental 1.500 W, Paralleling via SFP/SFP+, 1 ppm/K TC, 10/100/1000 Ethernet 25 28 taking place. 31 higher than today. 34 exploration. 38 Embedded Linux OS, device supported by Visual PS software NGPS OPINION DEPARTMENTS High-Stability 10-kW Power Supply - 200 A / 50 V Digital Control Loop, Paralleling via SFP/SFP+, 10/100/1000 Ethernet VIEWPOINT INTERVIEW REVIEWS FROM THE EDITOR 5 Embedded Linux OS, device supported by Visual PS software Good strategy Understanding How beauty leads NEWS DIGEST 7 demands the naturalness physics astray LIFE BEYOND CERN 54 right balance Theorist Nathaniel Craig Hossenfelder is Lost in CERN-PHOTO-201812-335-1 CERN-PHOTO-201812-335-1 APPOINTMENTS 55 Tatsuya Nakada reflects discusses the pros and Math • Performance on the European Strategy cons of naturalness in celebrates Amaldi’s life RECRUITMENT 61 for Particle Physics. 43 high-energy physics. 45 • Short reviews. 49 On the cover: ALICE being BACKGROUND 66 opened up in December. 25 www.caenels.com CERN COURIER JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019 3 CernCourier_CAENels_December_BFC.indd 1 25/10/18 18:14 CCJanFeb19_Conts_v4.indd 3 16/01/2019 15:55 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 9 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 9 CERNCOURIER.COM FROM THE EDITOR New-look CERN Courier captures a field in motion elcome to the redesigned first issue of 2019. Particle CERN-PHOTO-201901-002 p hy sic s r a re ly s t a nd s s t i l l, a nd t he a r t ic le s i n t h i s W issue offer a snapshot of activities under way at C E R N a n d e l s e w h e r e t o s e c u r e t h e fie ld i nt o t h e n e x t d e c a d e a nd b e yond. C h ie f a mong t he s e a re t he upg r ade s to t he LHC e x p e r i me nt s t o c o p e w it h t he re le nt le s s p e r for m a nc e o f t he machine so far and in the years ahead. Already exceeding its design luminosity, the LHC and its injector chain were shut down at the end of 2018 for two years of maintenance and upgrades, many of which are geared towards the High- Matthew Lu m i no sit y LHC (HL-LHC) s c he du le d to o p e r ate f rom 2026. Chalmers To ma ximise the physics potential of this unique machine, Editor t h e s e v e n L HC e x p e r i m e nt s a r e u s i n g t h e c u r r e nt “l o n g-s hut- down two” to overhaul their detectors (p23–37) – a massive a n d c o m pl e x e ffor t t h a t w i l l c o nt i nu e d u r i n g l o n g-s hut down three beginning in 2024. HL-LHC has been a priority of European particle physics and promises a rich physics programme lasting into the 2030s at this curious time (p19 and 45) for the field. To ensure that there is minimal gap between the LHC and the next major collider in particle physics, strategic decisions need to be taken soon. In recent months, China and Europe have launched design reports for a 100 km collider that would open a new era of exploration (p8 and 38). A decision is also Maximising potential The removal of the LHCb beam pipe imminent regarding a possible international linear collider in January as part of a major upgrade. in Japan, with potential ramifications for other proposals suc h a s CER N’s C omp ac t L i nea r C ol l ide r. The s e a nd nu me r- website launched in 2019. This transformation, informed by ous other considerations will shape the upcoming update our recent reader sur vey (CERN Courier December 2018 p56) of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, more than a n d e x p e r t l y g u i d e d b y I n s t it ut e o f P h y s i c s P u bl i s h i n g i n t h e HL-LHC 150 submissions for which were received by the deadline of U K, t a k e s f u l l a d v a nt a g e o f t h e m o d e r n p u bl i s h i n g l a n d s c a p e promises a 18 December (p9 and 43).