History, Culture, Nature in Antalya and the Western Mediterranean “As a result of a series of excursions to ancient cities in the Pamphylian plains within a few hours’ ride from Adalia, I was astonished to find out that there existed numerous ancient monuments, mostly dating to the Late Imperial period, either on which nothing has been written and researched or which have not received the attention they deserve, extending over a few miles. Nevertheless, its landscape, more beautiful than all the places I have known, had captured me the most.” Karl Graf von Lanckoronski Städte Pamphyliens und Pisidiens, 1890 Olympos Çavuşçu Çavuşçu Dam Dam Antiocheia Antiocheia Yalvaç Yalvaç Lake Lake Işıklı Işıklı Adıgüzel Adıgüzel Contents Barajı Barajı Ertokuş Han Ertokuş Han Gelendost Gelendost Uluborlu Uluborlu Mount Gelincik Mount Gelincik Senirkent SenirkentNature Park Nature Park D330 D330 Şarkikaraağaç Şarkikaraağaç History (Page 6) Dinar Dinar Barla Barla Traces of the Past Lake Lake Eğirdir Eğirdir Lycia Gönen AtabeyGönen Atabey Pamphylia Keçiborlu Keçiborlu D695 D695 D330 D330 Pisidia Konya Konya Eğirdir Eğirdir Middle Ages D330 D330 Acıgöl Acıgöl D650 D650 Aksu Aksu Republican Era Denizli Denizli Lake Lake Isparta Isparta Beyşehir Beyşehir Gölcük Gölcük Davraz Ski Davraz Ski Lake Lake Nature Park Nature Park Center Center D695 D695 Burdur Burdur Yenişarbademli Yenişarbademli Lake Lake Gölcük Gölcük Culture (Page 42) Burdur Burdur Akdağ Akdağ Beyşehir Beyşehir Akgöl Akgöl Sagalassos Sagalassos D715 D715 D650 D650 Culture in the Taurus Lake Lake Ağlasun Ağlasun Kovada Kovada Dedegöl Dedegöl D695 D695 Kovada Kovada D695 D695 National Park National Park Migration to the High Plateaus Hacılar Hacılar D685 D685 Lake Lake Lake Lake Production Yarışlı Yarışlı E87 E87 Salda Lake SaldaSalda Lake Salda PisidiaPisidia Adada Adada Salda SaldaNature Park Nature Park Çeltikçi Çeltikçi Yeşilova Yeşilova Nature is Venerated D330 D330 Kremna Kremna Sütçüler Sütçüler Karacaören Karacaören İncirhan İncirhan Dam Yazılı CanyonDam Yazılı Canyon Living Traditions Nature Park Nature Park Niyazlar Niyazlar Bucak Bucak D715 D715 Village Village Seydişehir Seydişehir Taurus and Tourism D650 D650 Lake Lake Karamanlı KaramanlıKarataş Karataş Susuzhan Susuzhan Kemer Kemer Ürkütlü Ürkütlü Köprüçay Köprüçay Nature (Page 58) Tefenni Tefenni D685 D685 River River E87 E87 Mountains and Lakes Selge Selge D330 D330 Hasanpaşa Hasanpaşa Cevizli Cevizli Vegetation Bademağacı Bademağacı Village Village Köprülü Canyon Köprülü Canyon National Park National Park Rivers Kibyra Kibyra Gölhisar Gölhisar D695 D695 Çavdır Çavdır Protection and Development of Natural Life D650 D650 D685 D685 İbradı İbradı E87 E87 National Parks Korkuteli Korkuteli Karain Karain Lake Dipsiz Lake Dipsiz Akseki Akseki E87 E87 E87 E87 Lake Lake PamphyliaPamphylia Çimi Village Çimi Village Nature Parks Altınbeşik Altınbeşik Kırkgöz Kırkgöz Kurşunlu Waterfall Kurşunlu Waterfall Döşemealtı Döşemealtı National Park National Park Altınyayla Altınyayla Termessos TermessosTermessos Termessos Nature Park Nature Park Wildlife Reserve Areas National Park National Park Sillyum Sillyum Perge Perge Aspendos Aspendos Güver Canyon Güver Canyon D400 D400 The Lakes Region Nature Park Nature Park Aksu Aksu D350 D350 Oymapınar Oymapınar Lake Eğri Lake Eğri Dam Dam Geyikbayırı Geyikbayırı Antalya Antalya Serik Serik Monument Trees Seleucia Seleucia D695 D695 Kundu Kundu D635 D635 Saklıkent Saklıkent Gündoğdu ÇolaklıGündoğdu Çolaklı Belek Belek Manavgat Manavgat Boğazkent Boğazkent Evrenseki Evrenseki Alara Alara Düden Düden Dam Dam Gündoğmuş Gündoğmuş Waterfall Waterfall (Çündüre) (Çündüre) Ilıca Ilıca Waterfall Waterfall Manavgat Manavgat Event Calendar of Antalya and D400 D400 Side Side Semahöyük Semahöyük D400 D400 Kızılağaç Kızılağaç Alara Alara the Western Mediterranean (Page 88) Beldibi Beldibi Stream Stream D350 D350 Elmalı Elmalı D400 D400 Kızlar Sivrisi Kızlar Sivrisi İncekum İncekum Fethiye Fethiye Lake Yeşil Lake Yeşil Göynük Göynük Relevant Contacts (Page 90) Tekke Tekke Okurcalar OkurcalarNature Park Nature Park D400 D400 Village VillageLake Avlan Lake Avlan İncekum İncekum Yeşilbarak Yeşilbarak Village Village Avsallar PayallarAvsallar Payallar Beydağları Beydağları Kemer Kemer Turkler Turkler Korakesion Korakesion D400 D400 Akçay Akçay National Park National Park Konaklı AlanyaKonaklı Alanya Akdağ Akdağ Çığlıkara Çığlıkara Oba Oba Nature Park Nature Park LyciaLycia Dim Dim Çamyuva Çamyuva Gömbe Gömbe D635 D635 Oba Stream Oba Stream Stream Arykanda Arykanda Mount Mount Çayboğazı Çayboğazı Phaselis Phaselis Kestel Kestel Pond Pond Tahtalı Tahtalı Tekirova Tekirova Pinara Pinara Mahmutlar Mahmutlar D400 D400 Saklıkent Saklıkent Sütleğen Sütleğen Gökbük Gökbük National Park National Park Village Village Village Village Syedra Syedra D635 D635 Tlos Tlos Olympos Olympos Rhodiapolis KumlucaRhodiapolis Kumluca Limyra Limyra D400 D400 Xanthos Xanthos Letoon Letoon D400 D400 Gulf ofGulf Antalya of Antalya D400 D400 Mavikent MavikentAdrasan Adrasan Beymelek Ision Beymelek Ision Nature Park Nature Park Kalkan Kalkan Kiddle KiddleFinike Finike Karaöz Karaöz Patara PataraBezirgan Bezirgan Myra Myra Gazipaşa Gazipaşa Village Village D400 D400 Kaş Kaş Demre Demre D400 D400 Andriake Andriake Theimiussa Theimiussa D400 D400 Kekova Kekova Cape Cape Gelidonya Gelidonya Çavuşçu Dam Antiocheia Yalvaç Lake Karain Cave 160,000-60,000Işıklı BC Adıgüzel The Gulf of Antalya lies on the south western edge of the Anatolian Traces of the Past Barajı Peninsula. Surrounding the gulf and south of the Western Taurus Mountains, approximately 25 kilometers from the Antalya city Ertokuş Han centre, are a series of caves located 500-600 meters above sea Gelendost Uluborlu Mount Gelincik level. Situated on the slopes surrounding the springs that feed Senirkent Nature Park D330 Şarkikaraağaç Kırkgöz Lake, these caves tell the stories of the prehistoricDinar past to us today. Barla Lake Artefacts discovered during the excavation of these caves distinguish Eğirdir not only the periods of Anatolia’s distant past, but those of humanity as well. The most notable of these caves is Karain Cave. Gönen Atabey Keçiborlu Karain Cave, located on the upper slopes of the springs of Kırkgöz D695 Lake near Yağca village in the Döşemealtı district has been a host D330 to every era of human civilisation. Traces of human occupation in Konya the Karain Cave go back hundreds of thousands of years to the Eğirdir D330 Early Stone Age. They continueAcıgöl to, and also include, the Middle Stone Age, Later Stone Age (Mesolithic), Copper Age (Chalcolithic), D650 Aksu Lake Denizli Bronze Age and subsequent ages, giving todays visitors insight into Isparta Beyşehir all of these eras. Gölcük Davraz Ski Lake Nature Park Center D695 Burdur Yenişarbademli In the Karain Cave, drilling and cutting tools made of antlers and Lake flint stones, and rudimentary hatchets were discovered alongside Gölcük Burdur Akdağ Beyşehir fossilized NeanderthalAkgöl skulls. In the upper layers near the remains Sagalassos D715 D650 of fossilized human bones, tooth and bone fragments of extinct Lake Ağlasun Kovada Dedegöl hippopotami, elephants, hyenas and cave bears have been found. D695 Kovada D695 National Park The habitation of Karain Cave began with the emergenceHacılar of modern D685 man andLake lasted until recent times. InscriptionsLake engraved at the Yarışlı E87 entrance Saldaof the caveLake Saldademonstrate that it was used as a place of Pisidia Adada Salda Nature Park worship. From an inscribed epithet to the Mother Goddess Cybele Çeltikçi Yeşilova D330 Kremna we understand that the cave was a shrine dedicated to Meter Oreia. Sütçüler Karacaören Karain Cave is not the only place in Antalya where prehistoric İncirhan Dam Yazılı Canyon Nature Park Niyazlar Bucak D715 items have beenVillage discovered. When Karain Cave became unable Seydişehir to sustain the needs of the first human settlement, other caves in Kırkgöz D650 the immediate vicinity of the Kırkgöz LakeLake springs also became Susuzhan occupied. They includeKaramanlı the Öküz, Mustan,Karataş Boynuzlu, Çark, Kızıl, Kemer Sulu and Harun caves. These were occupied from the later periods Ürkütlü of the Early Stone Age until the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic Antalya-Burdur (D650) road Köprüçay Tefenni River Age. Öküz Cave stands out among these caves as being especially take left in 16th km and followD685 signages E87 significant. Selge D330 As the population increased,Hasanpaşa this collection of caves surrounding Cevizli Bademağacı Village Kırkgöz Lake became inadequate to house the residents. People Köprülü Canyon started to move to nearby caves and shelters (dolmens) and National Park Kibyra Gölhisargradually established Neolithic villages beside the lake shores and D695 Çavdır in the area that surrounded it. D650 The Kocain Cave, near the Ahırtaş village northwest of Döşemealtı, D685 İbradı E87 abounds with inscriptions and cisterns. The Beldibi Rock Shelter Korkuteli Karain Lake Dipsiz and Belbaşı Cave possess cave paintings depicting human and Akseki E87 animal figures painted on its walls. Both of these caves have served E87 Lake Pamphylia Çimi Village Altınbeşik Kırkgöz Kurşunlu Waterfall as a shelter for humans in the middle and upper periods of the Early Döşemealtı National Park Altınyayla Termessos Termessos Nature Park Stone Age. National Park Sillyum Perge Aspendos The Kadıini Cave is located in the Oba district northeast of Alanya Güver Canyon D400 Nature Park Aksu at the easternD350 end of the Antalyan