J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2021; 10(2): 149-155. http://www.herbmedpharmacol.com doi: 10.34172/jhp.2021.16 Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology Heartburn and effective herbal remedies: A systematic review study in Iranian ethnobotanical documents Gholam Basati1 ID , Pardis Ghanadi2 ID , Pegah Shakib3 ID , Majid Hamidi4* ID , Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand5 ID 1Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2Medical Student, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 3Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran 4Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shaharekord, Iran 5Department of English, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article Type: Every year, millions of people worldwide get sick with gastrointestinal diseases such as Review heartburn. Certain herbs contribute to the alleviation of heartburn, nausea, and improvement of digestion. Moreover, these herbs do not have as many side effects as synthetic drugs. As a Article History: health problem and one of the challenging issues in medical sciences, heartburn is common in Received: 4 May 2020 children and adults worldwide. Hence, in the present study, we tried to report medicinal plants Accepted: 21 September 2020 used in cultures and traditions of different regions of Iran to treat heartburn in children and adults. In this review study, articles of Iranian ethnobotanical sources were searched with the Keywords: keywords of ethnobotanics, heartburn, children, adult, medicinal plants, and Iran. Journal Digestive problem articles published from 2010 to 2019 in several Iranian and International databases, including Heartburn ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ISC, and Magiran, were searched to find relevant articles Anethum graveolens and information. Anethum graveolens L., Punica granatum L., Mentha pulegium, Thymus Mentha pulegium kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., Achillea millefolium, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa, etc., Medicinal plants are the plants used in different parts of Iran to treat heartburn. Hence, these medicinal plants Ethnobotany might be considered as a natural source for preparation of new drugs to treat heartburn. Iran Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: This review provides a detailed insight into the medicinal plants effective on heartburn and shows that Iranian ethnobotanical sciences provide a list of natural treatments for heartburn, which can be used as a reliable source for preparation of new drugs for children and adult. Please cite this paper as: Basati GH, Ghanadi P, Shakib P, Hamidi M, Amanolahi-Baharvand P. Heartburn and effective herbal remedies: A systematic review study in Iranian ethnobotanical documents. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2021;10(2):149-155. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2021.16. Introduction heartburn include stomach flu, premenstrual syndrome, Every year, millions of people around the world get food poisoning, food allergies, lactose intolerance, irritable sick with gastrointestinal diseases such as heartburn, bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, stool fractures, gastroenteritis, bloating and indigestion. Digestive appendicitis, colitis, bacterial infection, stress, anxiety, problems might be a sign of a more severe illness. Moreover, drug allergies, certain types of cancer, and parasites (7- simple problems such as swallowing too much air, eating 9). Colic is an acute and unexpected abdominal pain. In high-fat foods, eating toxic foods, and even stress can children, it is a syndrome characterized by a self-limiting cause simple abdominal pain (1-3). Heartburn is among set of behaviors in the first 3 months of secondary life the common digestive problems. There are several reasons to underlying gastrointestinal disorders and is a sign of that cause this problem, which affects all the organs in the intestinal pain. When a baby is born, his digestive system abdomen, though it is transient in most cases (4-6). The becomes involved in learning the process of feeding and most common symptoms of heartburn include nausea, excretion. This system must adapt to eating and drinking. abdominal pain, bloating, gas or belching loss of appetite, Hence, some ailments such as heartburn, bloating and and associated diarrhea. Possible causes for diarrhea and diarrhea could be considered normal, although they can *Corresponding author: Majid Hamidi, Email: [email protected] Basati et al upset the baby (10-12). inside and outside Iran, including ISI Web of Science, Herbs are used to treat common side effects of various PubMed, Scopus, ISC, and Magiran. In the present study, diseases, and heartburn is one of the most common 48 articles were searched. There were two duplicate articles gastrointestinal side effects from which many people that were omitted. Three articles also lacked full text. Out suffer (13). Medicinal plants are ethnobotanical and of the 43 remained articles, only 15 articles contained ethnopharmacological sources for the treatment of ethnobotanical information on heartburn in children and diseases. Studies have indicated the active ingredients and adults in Iran. The flowchart of the search strategy and the medicinal as well as antioxidant compounds of medicinal criteria for entering and leaving the articles is specified in plants enable them not only to have beneficial effects Figure 1. on human health but also to have therapeutic effects on various organs of the body and various diseases (14-20). Results Some herbs contribute to the alleviation of heartburn, Anethum graveolens L., Punica granatum L., Mentha nausea, and improvement of digestion. Furthermore, pulegium, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., Achillea although these herbs do not have as many side effects as millefolium, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa, etc., are the chemicals, they should not be taken without a prescription plants used in different parts of Iran to treat heartburn. from a traditional healer. Useful herbs are found in nature Additional information on the medicinal plants, and could be used to treat stomach ailments and disorders. scientific name, plant family name, the area used and the Some studies have shown that many of these plants cure organs used have been listed in Table 1. The chemical diseases even better than chemical drugs. These plants composition of each herbal plant can exert a variety of also have no side effects unlike chemical drugs. Heartburn medicinal properties, including therapeutic properties, on is common in both children and adults worldwide and gastrointestinal disorders and syndromes. In this study, is one of the health problems and challenges of medical the main chemical compounds of each herb were also science. Hence, in this study, we tried to report medicinal reviewed and extracted. The main chemical compounds plants used in cultures and traditions of different regions and formulas of each medicinal plant have been listed in of Iran to treat heartburn in children and adults. Table 1. Methods Discussion In this review study, the articles of Iranian ethnobotanical Ethno-botany focuses on using plants by a particular sources were searched with the keywords of ethnobotanics, ethnic group in an area of plants and is useful for heartburn and Iran. We searched for articles and extracting indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants information published from 2010 to 2019 in databases used to treat various diseases. Different regions of Iran Records identified through database searching by combination of keywords (n = 48) dentification I Records screened after duplicates or Full-text articles removed (n = 5) Screening (n = 2) Full-text articles assessed for eligibility Full-text articles excluded, with (n = 43) reasons Eligibility (n = 22) Studies included in systematic review (n = 15) Included Figure 1. The criteria and the number of entry and exit articles. 150 Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, Volume 10, Number 2, April 2021 http://www.herbmedpharmacol.com Heartburn and effective herbal remedies in children and adults Table 1. Anti- heartburn plants based on Iranian ethnobotanical sources Scientific name Herbal family Persian name Used organ Region Main compound Chemical formula Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae Razianeh Fruit, branches and leaves East Khuzestan (21) Trans-Anethole C10H12O Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. Apiaceae Golpar Fruits and leaves East Khuzestan (21) 1-Octanol C8H18O Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae Boomadaran Flowering branch East Khuzestan (21) Borneol C10H18O Anthemis cotula L. Asteraceae Babouneh bahareh Flowering branch East Khuzestan (21) N-Nonadecane C19H40 Biebersteinia multifida DC. Biebersteiniaceae Bahmanpish Fruits East Khuzestan (21) Vasicinone C11H10N2O2 Phlomis olivieri Benth. Lamiaceae Balegoush Flower East Khuzestan (21) Germacrene D C15H24 Fritillaria imperialis L. Liliaceae Laleh vazhgoun Fruits and Bulb East Khuzestan (21) 3-Methyl-2-butene-1-thiol C5H10S Trifolium pratenese L. Papilionacea Shabdar Flower, leaves East Khuzestan (21) Scopoletin C10H8O4 Plantago lanceolata L. Plantaginaceae Kardeh Leaves East Khuzestan (21) Acteoside C29H36O15 Eremostachys laciniata (L.) Bunge Lamiaceae Chele daghi Root Ahar and Arasbaran (22) Dodecanol C12H26O Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. Lamiaceae Avishan Flowering branch Abadeh Fars (23) Thymol C10H14O Nigella sativa L. Caryophyllaceae Siah daneh Seeds Behbahan (24) Trans-Anatole oxide