Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Peace Public Disclosure Authorized Final Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized FOR Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project (LLRP) (P164336) Public Disclosure Authorized March 15, 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures .......................................................................................................................... ii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background and Context............................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Objectives of the Social Assessment .......................................................................................... 2 1.3. Methodology of the Social Assessment ...................................................................................... 2 1.3.1. Data Collection Methods .................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2. Data Collection Tools .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Scope of the Social Assessment .................................................................................................. 5 2. Description of the Project .............................................................................................................. 8 3. Review of Institutional and Implementation Arrangements, and Legal Frameworks .......... 12 3.1. LLRP Implementation Arrangement ...................................................................................... 12 3.2. LLRP Environmental and Social Safeguards Implementation Arrangement .................... 12 3.4. Legal Frameworks: Basis for Social Assessment ................................................................... 19 3.4.1. National Legislation .......................................................................................................... 19 3.4.2. World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental and Social Safeguards ............. 21 3.4.3. Land Tenure and Land Policy ......................................................................................... 23 4. Key Social Assessment Findings ................................................................................................. 25 4.1. Socio-demographic Features of the Population under Study ............................................... 25 4.1.1. Afar Regional State ........................................................................................................... 25 4.1.2. Gambella Regional State .................................................................................................. 26 4.1.3. Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) .......................... 27 4.1.4. Oromia Regional State ....................................................................................................... 29 4.1.5. Ethiopian Somali Regional State ........................................................................................ 30 4.2. Socio-cultural and Economic Context ........................................................................................ 32 4.2.1. Community Institutions ..................................................................................................... 32 4.2.2. Causes of Conflicts and their Traditional Resolution Mechanisms in PAP Areas ............ 35 4.2.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism during Project Implementation ...................................... 43 4.2.4. Livelihood Activities ........................................................................................................... 47 i 4.2.5. Natural Resource Use and Control in the Study Areas ..................................................... 49 4.2.6. Type and Use of Land Tenure ......................................................................................... 50 4.2.7. Livestock Mobility .............................................................................................................. 53 4.2.8. Ethnic Relationships in Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Communities .............................. 54 4.2.9. Crosscutting Issues in the LLRP Communities Involved for this Social Assessment . 55 5. Lessons Learnt ............................................................................................................................. 61 6. Community Consultation on LLRP ........................................................................................... 63 6.1. Introducing Objectives of LLRP for the Community ........................................................... 63 6.2. Community’s Reflections, Concerns and Aspirations on the LLRP .................................... 64 6.3. Summary of Community Consultation ................................................................................... 73 7. Social Development Plan: Potential Risks, Challenges, Opportunities and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................................................................... 75 Disclosure Policies and Procedures .................................................................................................... lxxxiii References ............................................................................................................................................. lxxxiv List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Areas Covered and Number of Community Consulted for this Social Assessment............... 6 Table 2: Profile of Experts and Officials Involved in KII and FGD Sessions for SA Preparation ...... 6 Table 3: Institutional Framework ........................................................................................................... 14 Table 4: Social development Plan: Potential Risks, Challenges, Mitigation Measures, Opportunities, and Budget ................................................................................................................................................. 76 Figure 1: Proposed Institutional Arrangement for Environmental and Social Safeguard Management ................................................................................. 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Figure 2: Proposed Grievance Redress Mechanisms .............................................................. 46 ii Acronyms and Abbreviations APL Adaptable Lending Program ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lowlands BoFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development BoPD Bureau of Pastoral Development CAC Community Audit Committee CAHW Community Animal Health Worker CDD Community-driven Development CDP Community Development Plan CIF Community Investment Fund CIG Common Interest Group CPF Country Partnership Framework CSA Central Statistical Agency DP Development Partners DRDIP Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project DRSLP Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Programme EU European Union ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FGD Focus Group Discussion FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia F-PCU Federal Project Coordination and Implementation Unit FSS Food Security Strategy FSC Federal Steering Committee FTWG Federal Technical Working Group GoE Government of Ethiopia GTP Growth and Transformation Plan IA Implementing Agency IDA International Development Association IDDRSI IGAD’s Drought Disaster Resilience Sustainable Initiative IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development IGA Income Generating Activity KDC Kebele Development Committee KFT Kebele Facilitation Team KII Key Informant Interview LFSDP Livestock and Fisheries Sector Development Project LRP Livelihood Resilience Project LLRP Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project M&E Monitoring & Evaluation MoFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation MFI Micro Finance Institution MOH Ministry of Health MOP Ministry of Peace MoFPDA Ministry of Federal and Pastoral Development Affairs iii MoU Memorandum of Understanding MoT Ministry of Transport MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity Ops Operational Policies PAD Project Appraisal Document PAP Pastoral and Agro-pastoral PATC Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Training Centers PAPREG Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research and Extension Group PASACCO Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Savings and Credit Cooperative PASDEP Sustainable Development to End Poverty PCDP Pastoral Community Development Project PCU Project Coordination Unit PDO Project Development Objective PFS Pastoral Field Schools P/APFS Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Field School PPP Public-Private Partnership RMIP Rangeland Management & Investment Plan R-PCU Regional Bureaus of the Project Coordination and Implementation Unit RPLRP Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RUSACCO Rural Savings and Credit Cooperative RSC Regional Steering Committee RTWG Regional Technical Working Group SA Social Assessment SACCO Savings and Credit Cooperative SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty