Cefas contract report C2848 Radiological Habits Survey: Berkeley and Oldbury, 2007 2008 Environment Report RL 06/08 Radiological Habits Survey: Berkeley and Oldbury, 2007 Environment Report RL06/08 The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science Lowestoft Laboratory Pakefield Road Lowestoft Suffolk NR33 0HT F.J. Clyne, J.R. Tipple, C.J. Garrod and C.S. Smedley 2008 Peer reviewed by K.S. Leonard The work described in this report was carried out under contract to the Environment Agency, the Food Standards Agency and the Health and Safety Executive. Cefas contract C2848 FSA Project PAU 198 / Lot 7 / ERI0006 2 SUMMARY 7 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Regulatory framework 11 1.2 Radiological protection framework 12 2. THE SURVEY 15 2.1 Site activity 15 2.2 Survey objectives 16 2.3 Survey areas 17 2.4 Conduct of the survey 18 3. METHODS FOR DATA ANALYSIS 22 3.1 Data recording 22 3.2 Data analysis 24 4. AQUATIC RADIATION PATHWAYS 27 4.1 Aquatic survey area 27 4.2 Commercial fisheries 33 4.3 Angling and hobby fishing 35 4.4 Wildfowling 35 4.5 Other pathways 36 4.6 Wholesalers and retailers 36 4.7 Food consumption data 36 4.8 Intertidal occupancy 40 4.9 Handling of fishing gear and sediment 43 4.10 Water based activities 44 5. TERRESTRIAL RADIATION PATHWAYS 45 5.1 Terrestrial survey area 45 5.2 Unusual pathways 48 5.3 Wholesalers and retailers 48 5.4 Food consumption data 48 6. DIRECT RADIATION PATHWAYS 52 6.1 Direct radiation survey area 52 6.2 Residential activities 53 6.3 Leisure activities 53 6.4 Commercial activities 54 6.5 Occupancy rates 54 6.6 Gamma dose rate measurements 56 7. COMBINED PATHWAYS 57 7.1 Use of the data for assessing total dose 58 7.2 Use of the data for foetal dose assessment 58 8. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 59 8.1 Survey findings 59 8.2 Comparisons with previous surveys 63 Table A Comparison between 2001 and 2007 aquatic internal exposure 63 pathways at Berkeley and Oldbury Table B Comparison between 2001 and 2007 aquatic external exposure 65 pathways at Berkeley and Oldbury Table C Comparison between 2001 and 2007 adult critical group mean 66 consumption rates (kg/y or l/y) for terrestrial food groups at Berkeley and Oldbury Table D Comparison between 2001 and 2007 (0 – 0.25 km zone) direct 67 radiation occupancy rates at Berkeley (h/y) Table E Comparison between 1996 and 2007 (0 – 0.25 km zone) direct 67 radiation occupancy rates at Oldbury (h/y) 3 Table F Comparison of the 1996 and 2007 gamma dose rates at 68 Oldbury (µGy/h) 8.3 Suggestions for environmental monitoring 68 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 71 10. REFERENCES 72 FIGURES Figure 1 The Berkeley and Oldbury aquatic survey area Figure 2 The Berkeley and Oldbury terrestrial survey area Figure 3 The Berkeley terrestrial (outer ring) and direct radiation (inner ring) survey areas Figure 4 The Oldbury terrestrial (outer ring) and direct radiation (inner ring) survey areas TABLES Table 1 Survey coverage Table 2 Typical food groups used in habits surveys Table 3 Adults’ consumption rates of fish in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 4 Adults’ consumption rates of crustaceans in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 5 Adults’ consumption rates of wildfowl in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 6 Adults’ consumption rates of salt marsh grazed cattle in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 7 Children's consumption rates of fish in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 8 Children’s consumption rates of wildfowl in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 9 Children’s consumption rates of salt marsh grazed cattle in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 10 Summary of adults’ consumption rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y or l/y) Table 11 Summary of 15-year-old children’s consumption rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y or l/y) Table 12 Summary of 10-year-old children’s consumption rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y or l/y) Table 13 Summary of 5-year-old children’s consumption rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y or l/y) Table 14 Summary of 1-year-old children’s consumption rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y or l/y) Table 15 Adults’ intertidal occupancy rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (h/y) Table 16 Children’s intertidal occupancy rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (h/y) Table 17 Gamma dose rate measurements over intertidal substrates in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (µGy/h) Table 18 Adults’ handling rates of fishing gear and sediment in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (h/y) for adults Table 19 Adults’ occupancy rates in and on water in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (h/y) Table 20 Children’s occupancy rates in and on water in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (h/y) Table 21 Adults’ consumption rates of green vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 22 Adults’ consumption rates of other vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 23 Adults’ consumption rates of root vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 24 Adults’ consumption rates of potato in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 25 Adults’ consumption rates of domestic fruit in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) 4 Table 26 Adults’ consumption rates of milk in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (l/y) Table 27 Adults’ consumption rates of cattle meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 28 Adults’ consumption rates of pig meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 29 Adults’ consumption rates of sheep meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 30 Adults’ consumption rates of poultry in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 31 Adults’ consumption rates of eggs in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 32 Adults’ consumption rates of wild/free foods in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 33 Adults’ consumption rates of rabbits/hares in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 34 Adults’ consumption rates of honey in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 35 Adults’ consumption rates of wild fungi in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 36 Adults’ consumption rates of venison in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 37 Adults’ consumption rates of freshwater fish in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 38 Children’s consumption rates of green vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 39 Children’s consumption rates of other vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 40 Children's consumption rates of root vegetables in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 41 Children's consumption rates of potato in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 42 Children's consumption rates of domestic fruit in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 43 Children’s consumption rates of milk in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (l/y) Table 44 Children’s consumption rates of cattle meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 45 Children’s consumption rates of pig meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 46 Children’s consumption rates of sheep meat in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 47 Children’s consumption rates of poultry in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 48 Children’s consumption rates of eggs in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 49 Children’s consumption rates of wild/free foods in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 50 Children's consumption rates of rabbits in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 51 Children's consumption rates of honey in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 52 Children's consumption rates of wild fungi in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 53 Children's consumption rates of venison in the Berkeley & Oldbury area (kg/y) Table 54 Percentage contribution each food type makes to its terrestrial food group for adults Table 55 Occupancy rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury direct radiation survey area for adults and children (h/y) Table 56 Analysis of occupancy rates in the Berkeley & Oldbury direct radiation survey area for adults and children Table 57 Gamma dose rate measurements for the Berkeley & Oldbury direct radiation survey (µGy/h) Table 58 Combinations of adult pathways for use in dose assessments in the Berkeley & Oldbury area ANNEXES Annex 1 Adults’ consumption rates (kg/y or l/y) and occupancy rates (h/y) in the Berkeley & Oldbury area Annex 2 Children’s consumption rates (kg/y or l/y) and occupancy rates (h/y) in the Berkeley & Oldbury area 5 Annex 3 Qualitative and estimated data for use in dose assessments Annex 4 Ratios for determining child consumption and occupancy rates for dose assessments Annex 5 Summary of adults’ profiled consumption data (kg/y or l/y) and occupancy data (h/y) in the Berkeley & Oldbury area Annex 6 Female consumption (kg/y or l/y) and occupancy rates (h/y) in the Berkeley & Oldbury area, for use in foetal dose assessments 6 SUMMARY This report presents the results of a survey conducted in 2007 to determine the habits and consumption patterns of people living, working and pursuing recreational activities in the vicinity of the Berkeley and Oldbury nuclear power stations in Gloucestershire and South Gloucestershire, respectively. Berkeley has twin Magnox reactors; the station ceased energy generation in 1989 and is undergoing decommissioning. Oldbury generates electricity from twin Magnox reactors; the station is scheduled to cease electricity production in 2008.