applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Journal of Crustacean Biology Advance Access published 4 April 2019 Journal of Crustacean Biology The Crustacean Society Journal of Crustacean Biology 39(3) 279–302, 2019. doi:10.1093/jcbiol/ruz002 Paleogene Decapoda (Caridea, Anomura, Axiidea, Brachyura) from Alabama and Mississippi, USA Rodney M. Feldmann1, , Carrie E. Schweitzer2 and George Phillips3, Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/39/3/279/5427698 by guest on 29 September 2021 1Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; 2Department of Geology, Kent State University at Stark, 6000 Frank Ave. NW, North Canton, OH 44720, USA; and 3Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Dr., Jackson, MS 39202, USA Corrspondence: R.M. Feldmann; e-mail: [email protected] (Received 17 November 2018; accepted 16 January 2019) ABSTRACT Investigation of decapod crustaceans from Paleogene sediments of Mississippi has yielded one new Eocene brachyuran species, Matutites periosus n. sp., and six new Oligocene brachy- uran species, Lophoranina lincki n. sp., Notopus adinae n. sp., Calappilia granulosa n. sp., C. per- reaulti n. sp., C. gableorum n. sp., and Acanthocarpus osborni n. sp. Other occurrences include previously described caridean shrimp, axiids, pagurids, and raninids. Mesostylus, a callia- nassid, is described for the first time from Danian deposits, all other occurrences being Late Cretaceous. The Oligocene decapod fauna from Gulf Coastal North America, including localities in Alabama and Mississippi, is most like that of Pacific Coastal Baja California and most different from Pacific coastal localities from Oregon northward. Key Words: Alpheidae, Calappidae, Callianassidae, Lyreididae, Matutidae, Paguridae, Raninidae, southeastern USA INTRODUCTION cyclical fluctuations in carbonate content (Hart et al., 2013). The Clayton Formation is Danian and the Pine Barren beds are early The fauna of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States has Danian (Mancini & Tew, 1988). In the superjacent “Sucarnoochee been the subject of several studies of decapod crustaceans; Clay” (Danian-Selandian), Rathbun (1935) reported a prodigious however, continued collection of specimens in Alabama and diversity of decapods. Now known as the Porters Creek Formation Mississippi have yielded many new occurrences including new (MacNeil, 1946), where the clay beds of the lower member are species. Among these, several species of calappid crabs have been exposed east of Camden, Wilcox County, AL, they preserve discovered in Oligocene strata deposited in a variety of shallow- exceptional decapod crustaceans and corals (Rathbun, 1935; shelf environments. We describe and illustrate the new species and Toulmin, 1977). Further to the west, west of Camden, the upper the new occurrences of decapod crustaceans from Alabama and member of the Porters Creek Formation, the Matthews Landing Mississippi and contrast the sedimentary environments in which Marl, contains numerous species of pristinely preserved mollusks the calappid species lived. (Toulmin, 1977). Matutites periosus n. sp. is from the Potterchitto Member of the Cook Mountain Formation (upper Claiborne Group) of Newton GEOLOGICAL SETTING County, MS. The Potterchitto Member is a glauconitic, calcare- The specimens described herein were collected in the eastern ous, clayey sand in Newton County (Merrill et al., 1985). It is Gulf Coastal Plain, Mississippi (MS) and Alabama (AL) (Fig. 1), in equivalent to the upper Lisbon Formation of Alabama; both are sediments of early Paleocene, middle Eocene, and Oligocene age. Bartonian (late Eocene) (Mancini & Tew, 1991). Only a few of Most of the new material is Vicksburg age, or early Oligocene other decapod taxa have been reported from the Cook Mountain (Fig. 2), and most are calappids. and upper Lisbon formations. Neozanthopsis americanus (Rathbun, Giulianolyreidus johnsoni (Rathbun, 1935) (Raninidae) is from 1928) of the Cook Mountain Formation of Texas was reported the Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of Lowndes by Stenzel (1935) from the same unit in Mississippi (an unfigured County, AL, where it occurs with Costacopluma grayi Feldmann “complete specimen and one separate right cheliped”), presum- & Portell, 2007 (Retroplumidae), and Stevea martini Feldmann, ably the Potterchitto Member, and in the vicinity of M. periosus Schweitzer, and Portell, 2014 (Hexapodidae). At this locality n. sp. from the Cook Mountain Formation of Clarke County, (AL.43.002) the Pine Barren Member is a silty mudstone with Mississippi, Rathbun (1935) attributed a single male chela (also © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Crustacean Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] R. M. FELDMANN ET AL. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/39/3/279/5427698 by guest on 29 September 2021 Figure 1. Geologic map of localities. Upper portion is a generalized distribution of Paleogene sedimentary groups in the southeastern USA, based on King & Beikman (1974). Lower portion (inset boxed in upper map) emphasizes the units referred to and is based on Bicker (1969) for Mississippi and Szabo et al. (1988) for Alabama. Locality numbers given in text. Alabama units were mapped illustrating modern stream dissection, whereas Mississippi units were not. Projected in State Plane North (NAD83) using ArcMap 10.3 © 1999–2015 Esri, Inc. This figure is available in color at Journal of Crustacean Biology online. unfigured) to “H. americanus Rathbun,” and Dockery (1980) fig- 1992). The Mint Spring Marl, the first lithofacies in the sequence, ured an eroded right propodus as “Harpactocarcinus sp.” Rathbun is a glauconitic, frequently micritic, quartz sand to sandy Marl (1935) attributed an eroded chela from the Cook Mountain representing a destructional phase early in a transgression over Formation (“Wahtubbee horizon”) of Clarke County to Zanthopsis the Forest Hill Delta (Coleman, 1983). The sedimentary struc- errans Woods, 1922, known from the Eocene of Peru. The Cook tures and fauna indicate high-energy deposition in shallow depths Mountain Formation of Texas has yielded a slightly greater (Tew, 1992). Abrasion of phosphatic and calcitic skeletal clasts also diversity of decapods (Stenzel, 1935; Rathbun, 1935) than in suggests a relatively high-energy system, at least compared to the Mississippi. superjacent Marianna and Glendon formations. The frequency of A single decapod has been described from the lower Lisbon Ophiomorpha-type burrows is consistent with the occurrence of the Formation (Lutetian) of Alabama. Originally reported from the numerous callianassid chelae. The Marianna Formation, however, Tallahatta Formation, the “glauconite-rich quartz sands to mica- is largely a carbonate mud, although the purer muds often alter- ceous sandy claystones” yielding the type of Costacopluma grayi nate with intervals rich in pelletal glauconite and skeletal sand. Feldmann & Portell, 2007, as well as abundant marine vertebrate Bryozoans are abundant in the Marianna Formation, particularly fossils, have since been attributed to the basal Lisbon Formation the erect cheilostome Metrarabdotos Canu, 1914. The Marianna (Clayton et al., 2013). In the lower Lisbon (Winona Formation) of Formation also abounds with large, thin, nummiform tests of the Mississippi, isolated callianassoid chelae were attributed to four benthic orbitoid foraminiferan Lepidocyclina Gümbel, 1870, par- different species by Stenzel (1935), one of which Rathbun (1935) ticularly in the glauconitic wackestone interbeds. Like most orbit- established as a subspecies of Callianassa ulrichi White, 1880. oid taxa, Lepidocyclina hosted photosynthetic endosymbionts and The bulk of the present material is from fossil-rich marine thus required relatively shallow and/or well-illuminated depths phases of the Oligocene Vicksburg Group of Mississippi, and most (Tappan & Loeblich, 1988; BouDagher-Fadel & Price, 2010). The specimens can be assigned to several species of calappid crabs Marianna Formation was largely deposited below wave base as it originating from different calcareous lithofacies. The Vicksburg lacks sedimentary structures suggestive of sustained traction cur- Group is entirely Rupelian, or early Oligocene (Mancini & Tew, rents, thus indicating relatively low-energy bottom currents (Davis 1991). The sediments of interest include (in ascending order) the & Heydari, 2015). A positive correlation between orbitoid test Mint Spring, Marianna, and Glendon formations, the first two size and water depth (Bryan, 1995) suggests the large Marianna representing a transgressive sequence and the Glendon beginning Lepidocyclina, when compared to the smaller orbitoids of the sub- the final regression of the Vicksburg Sea (Dockery, 1982; Tew, jacent Mint Spring, were possibly due to decreased light with 280 PALEOGENE DECAPODA (CARIDEA, ANOMURA, AXIIDEA, BRACHYURA) Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/39/3/279/5427698 by guest on 29 September 2021 Figure 2. Stratigraphic chart of select Paleogene units of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, USA. Integrated correlation of numerical, geochronologic and biozonal reference scales produced using TSCreator 7.3 © 2005–2018, which is based on Ogg et al. (2016), which in turn is based on a host of earlier strati- graphic contributions globally. Regional chronostratigraphic correlation with the reference columns is based