1 Climate Agreement The Hague 28 June 2019 Published by the government of the Netherlands 2 Contents A Introduction............................................................................................................ 5 B An adaptive Climate Agreement based on five key pillars .............................................. 6 B1 A single goal: -49% by 2030 ................................................................................ 6 B2 Increasing the European target to -55% ................................................................ 6 B3 Key principles for monitoring ................................................................................ 7 B4 Governance ....................................................................................................... 9 C Sector-specific commitments.................................................................................... 16 C1 Built environment .............................................................................................. 16 C1.1 Vision for 2050 ............................................................................................ 16 C1.2 Target and ambitions for 2030 ....................................................................... 16 C1.3 Approach for the built environment ................................................................ 17 C1.4 Enabling scaling up and cost savings: arrangements and standards .................... 19 C1.5 Funding of sustainability improvements in homes and buildings .......................... 23 C1.6 Removal of the operating shortfall: pricing and subsidising of housing construction ........................................................................................................................ 24 C1.7 A district-oriented approach .......................................................................... 25 C1.8 A successful start through the starter motor for the rental sector ........................ 33 C1.9 Natural gas phased out in new construction ..................................................... 34 C1.10 Standardisation and scaling up of sustainability improvements to nonresidential buildings ............................................................................................................ 35 C1.11 More sustainable heating ............................................................................ 39 Annex ............................................................................................................... 44 C2 Mobility ............................................................................................................ 48 C2.1 Vision and ambitions for 2050 ....................................................................... 48 C2.2 Target and ambitions for 2030 ....................................................................... 51 C2.3 Commitments regarding sustainable renewable energy carriers in mobility ........... 51 C2.4 Agreements on Electric Transport ................................................................... 55 C2.5 Sustainability improvements in logistics .......................................................... 68 C2.6 Commitments on sustainability improvements to passenger mobility ................... 74 C2.7 Shipping and aviation ................................................................................... 84 C3 Industry ........................................................................................................... 88 C3.1 Vision for 2050 ............................................................................................ 88 C3.2 Target and ambitions for 2030 ....................................................................... 88 C3.3 Instruments ................................................................................................ 93 C3.4 Other agreements ...................................................................................... 115 C4 Agriculture and Land Use .................................................................................. 123 C4.1 Vision for 2050 .......................................................................................... 123 C4.2 Target and ambitions for 2030 ..................................................................... 124 3 C4.3 Standard criteria ....................................................................................... 128 C4.4 Emissions reduction in livestock farming ....................................................... 133 C4.5 Land use .................................................................................................. 143 C4.6 Greenhouse horticulture ............................................................................. 153 C4.7 Food consumption and supply chain ............................................................. 159 C5 Electricity ....................................................................................................... 165 C5.1 Vision for 2050 .......................................................................................... 165 C5.2 Target and ambitions for 2030 ..................................................................... 165 C5.3 Prospects on the road to 2050 ..................................................................... 166 C5.4 Offshore wind energy ................................................................................. 167 C5.5 Production from renewable sources on land ................................................... 170 C5.6 Electricity system and infrastructure ............................................................. 176 C5.7 Hydrogen ................................................................................................. 179 C5.8 Instruments .............................................................................................. 183 C5.9 Spatial integration ..................................................................................... 188 C5.10 Higher ambitions for 2030 ......................................................................... 189 D Cross-sector cohesion ........................................................................................... 193 D1 Systems integration ......................................................................................... 193 D2 Biomass ......................................................................................................... 196 D3 Integrated knowledge and innovation agenda ...................................................... 199 D4 Labour market & training .................................................................................. 209 D5 Creating support in society ............................................................................... 225 D6 Spatial planning .............................................................................................. 229 D7 Regional Energy Strategy (RES) ........................................................................ 232 D8 Financing by the market ................................................................................... 239 D9 Key principles for the expansion of the SDE+ scheme ........................................... 242 D10 The exemplary role of the national government.................................................. 246 4 5 A Introduction In 2015, it was agreed in the Paris Climate Agreement that global warming should be limited to less than two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The aim is to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The government’s central goal with the National Climate Agreement is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands by 49% compared to 1990 levels. At a European level, the government is advocating a 55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Should such a target prove unfeasible within the EU, the Netherlands will strive to achieve more ambitious agreements with like-minded North-Western European countries than the allocation assigned to countries by the EU. Because the outcome of the international talks is not yet certain, the goal ultimately established for 2030 may differ from the 49% the government currently has in mind. A meaningful step was taken by the European Council on 20 June 2019, with a large majority of Member States endorsing climate neutrality for 2050. The principal goal of the Climate Agreement, namely the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, will affect everyday life. The transition we face as a nation will primarily be a social transition. Both citizens and businesses will face a series of decisions that affect how we live, our mobility, our food and diet, what products we buy and how we earn a living. These will not always be easy choices, and citizens and businesses will also have to rely on each other and on the government. A combination of decisiveness, investments, knowledge and expertise is required. Since February 2018, more than 100 parties have jointly worked on a cohesive set of proposals with the aim of achieving the carbon reduction target in 2030. The final result is this Climate Agreement. This Climate Agreement contains a package of measures which has the broadest possible base of societal support, which has the active support of as many contributing parties as possible and which will achieve the political reduction target of 49% in 2030. Structure of the document This document consists of three parts. Part B briefly outlines the goals and targets of the Climate Agreement and sets out the principles for monitoring and governance. Part C contains