Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines 4 Chapter 4 Application of Design Principles and Guidelines December 2005 i Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines Manual Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 12 Framework of the Road Planning and Vertical Alignment Design Manual Chapter 2 Chapter 13 4 Design Philosophy Intersections at Grade Chapter 3 Chapter 14 Road Planning and Design Roundabouts Fundamentals Chapter 4 Chapter 15 Application of Design Principles and Auxiliary Lanes Guidelines Chapter 5 Chapter 16 Traffic Parameters and Human Interchanges Factors Chapter 6 Chapter 17 Speed Parameters Lighting Chapter 7 Chapter 18 Cross Section Traffic signals Chapter 8 Chapter 19 Safety Barriers and Roadside Intelligent Transport Systems Furniture Chapter 9 Chapter 20 Sight Distance Roadside Amenities Chapter 21 Chapter 10 Railway and Cane Railway Level Alignment Design Crossings Chapter 11 Chapter 22 Horizontal Alignment Bridges, Retaining Walls and Tunnels December 2005 ii Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines Table of Contents Glossary 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-2 4.2 Motorways and roads performing a motorway function 4-3 4.2.1 General 4-3 4.2.2 Design speed, desired speed and target speed 4-4 4.2.3 Level of service 4-5 4 4.2.4 Alignment 4-6 4.2.5 Cross section 4-6 4.2.6 Operations 4-7 4.3 Rural arterial roads 4-8 4.3.1 General 4-8 4.3.2 Design speed, desired speed and target speed 4-9 4.3.3 Level of service 4-10 4.3.4 Alignment 4-10 4.3.5 Cross section 4-12 4.3.6 Operations 4-14 4.4 Urban arterial roads 4-16 4.4.1 General 4-16 4.4.2 Design speed, operating speed and target speed 4-16 4.4.3 Level of service 4-17 4.4.4 Alignment 4-20 4.4.5 Cross section 4-20 4.4.6 Operations 4-20 4.5 National Highways 4-28 4.6 AusLink National Network - National Network Road Links 4-29 4.6.1 General 4-29 4.6.2 Commonwealth Government requirements 4-29 4.7 Other roads 4-29 4.7.1 Service roads 4-30 4.7.2 Collector-distributor roads 4-32 December 2005 iii Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines 4.7.3 Frontage roads 4-33 4.7.4 Temporary roads (including sidetracks) 4-36 4.8 Restoration projects 4-38 4.8.1 Introduction 4-38 4.8.2 Essential requirements and documentation 4-39 4.8.3 Design speed, operating speed and target speed 4-40 4.8.4 Cross section 4-40 4 4.8.5 Horizontal alignment 4-40 4.8.6 Vertical alignment 4-41 4.8.7 Intersections 4-42 4.8.8 Other parameters 4-42 4.9 Requirement for geometric assessment and choice of Domain 4-42 4.9.1 Guides for the Extended Design Domain 4-43 References 4-48 Relationship to Other Chapters 4-50 Appendix 4A: Process to follow when using the Extended Design Domain 4-51 Appendix 4B: Guide for the Extended Design Domain for stopping sight distance 4-62 Appendix 4C: Guide for the Extended Design Domain for sight distance at intersections 4-71 Appendix 4D: Guide to evaluating cross sections using the Extended Design Domain 4-79 Appendix 4E: Guide for the Extended Design Domain for Intersection Turn Treatments 4-91 Appendix 4F: Guide for the Extended Design Domain for horizontal curves with adverse superelevation 4-96 December 2005 iv Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines List of Tables Table 4.1 Speeds for design of motorways 4-5 Table 4.2 Desirable design criteria for new rural motorways for a speed limit of 110km/h (i.e. desired speed of 120km/h) for an element with a design speed of 120km/h 4-7 Table 4.3 Intersection analysis tools 4-19 Table 4.4 Minimum service road lane widths for roads with low traffic volumes 4-30 4 Table 4.5 Minimum service road carriageway widths for roads with low traffic volumes and low parking demand 4-30 Table 4.6 Warrants for geometric assessment and guidelines for selecting the appropriate area of the design domain 4-45 Table 4.7 Example tabulation of available sight distance and sight distance deficiency 4-53 Table 4.8 Example of assessment summary – stopping capability 4-54 Table 4.9 Example of assessment summary – effect of improving crests (110km/h design speed) 4-56 Table 4.10 Manoeuvre sight distance base cases for the Extended Design Domain 4- 66 Table 4.11 Stopping sight distance base cases for the Extended Design Domain 4-67 Table 4.12 Minimum shoulder/traversable widths when the Extended Design Domain is used 4-68 Table 4.13 Stopping sight distance checks for the Extended Design Domain 4-69 Table 4.14 Stopping sight distance, optional checks for borderline cases for the Extended Design Domain 4-70 Table 4.15 Approach sight distance base cases for the Extended Design Domain 4-75 Table 4.16 Safe Intersection Sight Distance base cases for the Extended Design Domain 4-76 Table 4.17 Safe Intersection Sight Distance checks for the Extended Design Domain 4- 77 Table 4.18 Safe Intersection Sight Distance, optional checks for borderline cases for the Extended Design Domain 4-78 Table 4.19 Minimum carriageway and seal widths in rural areas for MCV routes 4-84 December 2005 v Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines List of Figures Figure 4.1 Typical relationship of traffic flow to travel time on urban streets with varying delay characteristics 4-18 Figure 4.2 Variation of speed with flow for typical two way urban streets 4-18 Figure 4.3 Typical median terminal treatments 4-22 Figure 4.4 Minimum spacing of median crossings for medians 3m and wider for roads 4 with operating speeds [70kmh 4-23 Figure 4.5 Determination of intersection spacing for co-ordinated signals using space- time diagram 4-23 Figure 4.6 Reverse flow 4-24 Figure 4.7 Reverse flow terminals 4-25 Figure 4.8 Examples of pedestrian crossings 4-26 Figure 4.9 Methods of reducing conflicts at cross streets when service roads are present 4-31 Figure 4.10 Collector-distributor road 4-32 Figure 4.11 Functions of frontage roads 4-33 Figure 4.12 Continuity of frontage roads 4-34 Figure 4.13 Local traffic circulation can be improved by the use of frontage roads 4-34 Figure 4.14 Frontage roads can provide access to properties 4-35 Figure 4.15 Frontage roads can collect and distribute motorway or other major road traffic 4-35 Figure 4.16 Frontage roads can collect and distribute crossing traffic 4-36 Figure 4.17 Guideline for selecting the appropriate design domain 4-47 Figure 4.18 Example of diagrammatic representation of assessment of stopping capability 4-57 Figure 4.19 Example of plan showing intent of widening 4-58 Figure 4.20 Application of widening to provide Extended Design Domain manoeuvre/traversable width 4-65 Figure 4.21 A heavy vehicle operating on route with a single lane seal with caravans (Potter, 2002) 4-85 Figure 4.22 What can be done with existing 8.5m or 8.6m carriageway 4-86 Figure 4.23 What can be done with existing 7.9m or 8m carriageway 4-87 December 2005 vi Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines Figure 4.24 Example of inadequate single lane (5.6m) seal on a Type 2 road train route (AADT of 400 with 30% heavy vehicles) 4-88 Figure 4.25 Example of Type 2 road train operating on a 7.9m carriageway with full width seal on a low formation 4-88 Figure 4.26 Example of road train operation on a single lane seal - Type 2 road trains remain wholly on the seal - approaching vehicles must therefore move off the seal 4-89 Figure 4.27 Testing the tracking characteristics of a MCV on a rough surface and narrow formation with 3m to 3.5m lanes (Haldane, 2002) 4-89 Figure 4.28 Example of two-lane, two-way road with narrow formation and seal on a 4 Type 2 road train route (AADT of 550 with 15% MCVs and 15% other heavy vehicles)4- 90 Figure 4.29 Minimum Extended Design Domain channelised right-turn treatment for roadways without medians 4-93 Figure 4.30 Minimum Extended Design Domain channelised right-turn treatment for roadways with medians 4-94 Figure 4.31 Minimum Extended Design Domain auxiliary left-turn treatment 4-95 December 2005 vii Department of Main Roads Chapter 4 Road Planning and Design Manual Application of Design Principles and Guidelines Chapter 4 Amendments–December 2005 Revision Register Issue/ Reference Description of Revision Authorised Date Rev Section by No. 1 - First Issue. Steering Oct 4 Committee 2000 2 4.3.1 A paragraph on investment strategies added (last paragraph). Steering Aug 4.6.1 Table 4.1 modified. Committee 2001 New Relationship to other Chapters. 3 All Complete Chapter reviewed Steering Aug 4.7 New Section – Committee 2004 “Rehabilitation/Reconstruction/Restoration” 4 Title Name of Chapter changed from “Application of Design Principals and Standards” to “Application of Design Principals and Guidelines” List of List of Tables and List of Figures added.