DRAFT NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0 Avi Gopstein Cuong Nguyen Cheyney O’Fallon Nelson Hastings David Wollman DRAFT NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0 Avi Gopstein, Cuong Nguyen, Cheyney O’Fallon, and David Wollman Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Program Office Engineering Laboratory Nelson Hasting Applied Security Division Information Technology Laboratory July 2020 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Undersecretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Key Messages – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework This DRAFT Interoperability — the ability to exchange information in a timely, actionable manner — is a critical yet underdeveloped capability of the power system. Significant grid modernization has occurred in recent years, but the proliferation of technology and associated standards has report only modestly improved interoperability. is provided for public comment, and is available from: The expansion of distributed energy resources and other technologies, along with changing customer expectations, have complicated the interoperability challenge. This revision of the NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework uses evolving technology and power system architectures as context for describing a new set of interoperability perspectives. Distributed and customer-sited resources figure prominently in the future smart grid, as do intelligent distribution systems and other key integrators. As society modernizes the physical mechanisms by which we produce, manage, and consume electricity, strategies for system operations and economic structure will diversify. This diversification will benefit from — and eventually rely upon — enhanced interoperability. The benefits of interoperability are broad and reach all stakeholders at all scales. Interoperability is a hedge against technology obsolescence, maximizes the value of equipment investments by increasing usage for secondary purposes, and facilitates https://www.nist.gov/el/smart combinatorial innovation by allowing coordinated small actions across diverse stakeholders and devices to have grand impacts. The interoperability value proposition can be realized in any system domain, from the utility to the customer and beyond. Interoperability requires a cybersecurity approach that manages risk while opening new communication interfaces. The desired outcomes for the grid and the information exchanges that must be protected will have to be considered in concert and will benefit from a structured approach to system security. New interfaces can benefit from existing security processes. - grid/smart Testing and certification is a critical enabler of smart grid interoperability. However, the current industry focus on certifying conformance to individual standards is only the first step - grid on the pathway to assuring interoperability for devices or systems, and cannot provide - interoperability without significant additional effort. framework Interoperability Profiles are a proposed solution to the interoperability challenge. Built upon concepts of physical and informational interoperability and drawn from existing standards, these Profiles describe a subset of requirements that — when implemented and verified through testing and certification — would ensure interoperability across devices and systems. i Acknowledgements This This Framework is the result of an ongoing collaborative effort involving many individuals and organizations across industry, academia, and government. Through six public DRAFT workshops and additional presentations, more than 300 attendees and speakers provided invaluable feedback which helped ensure that this document reflects a broad set of report stakeholder perspectives regarding the issues surrounding smart grid interoperability. is The authors would like to thank Christopher Greer for his invaluable guidance, support, and provided for public comment, and is available from: extensive reviews throughout the Framework development process. This document is far better for his contributions. Many others have provided important ideas and facilitated processes that are the foundations for this Framework. The contributions of the following individuals were especially noteworthy and appreciated: Jason Allnutt, Dhananjay Anand, Paul Boynton, Danielle Byrnett, Christopher Irwin, Konstantina Di Menza, Amimul Ehsan, Thomas Linn, Jeffrey Marron, Aaron Smallwood, Ravi Subramaniam, Jeffrey Taft, Christopher Villarreal, and Kerry Worthington. https://www.nist.gov/el/smart - grid/smart - grid - framework ii Table of Contents This Key Messages ................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... ii DRAFT List of Figures ............................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................. viii report List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................... ix is Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................ 1 provided for public comment, and is available from: 1.1. Overview and Background ....................................................................................... 1 1.2. The Role of Interoperability ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. The interoperability value proposition .............................................................................. 3 1.2.2. The empowered consumer ................................................................................................ 5 1.2.3. Interoperability and customer value .................................................................................. 6 1.2.4. Utility and Other Benefits ................................................................................................. 7 1.3. Framework Content and Structure ......................................................................... 8 1.3.1. The role of grid architecture .............................................................................................. 8 1.3.2. Updated models ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.3. A common language for the grid ....................................................................................... 9 1.3.4. Tools to facilitate interoperability ..................................................................................... 9 1.4. Use of this Framework .............................................................................................. 9 Models for the Smart Grid ................................................................................. 10 2.1. NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model .................................................................... 10 2.1.1. Conceptual model updates .............................................................................................. 12 https://www.nist.gov/el/smart 2.1.2. Conceptual model domains ............................................................................................. 13 2.2. Communication Pathways Scenarios ..................................................................... 15 2.2.1. Graphic conventions ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2.2. The legacy communication pathways scenario ............................................................... 16 2.2.3. High-DER communication pathways scenario ............................................................... 17 2.2.4. Hybrid communication pathways scenario ..................................................................... 20 2.2.5. Microgrid communication pathways scenario ................................................................ 21 2.3. An Ontology for the Smart Grid ............................................................................ 22 2.3.1. The NIST framework for cyber-physical systems .......................................................... 23 - grid/smart 2.3.2. The aspects of a modern electrical grid ........................................................................... 24 2.3.3. Aspects and concerns of the electrical grid ..................................................................... 26 3 Operations ............................................................................................................ 27 - grid 3.1 Interoperability for Utilities ................................................................................... 29 - framework 3.1.1 System composition and constructivity ..........................................................................