The Characterisation of Six Natural Resources Production Systems J. Taylor, M. Tang, C. Beddows, F.M. Quin, M.A. Stocking August 2003 We wish to thank the following people and projects for supplying the photographs on the front cover:- John Beeching, Man Fai Tang, projects R6675, R7180, R7872, R7877, R7974 DFID This document is an output from a programme funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. Technical Editors Produced by: Duncan Barker – [email protected] Drakeloe Press, Milton Keynes Natural Resources Systems Programme THE CHARACTERISATION OF SIX NATURAL RESOURCES PRODUCTION SYSTEMS J. Taylor, M. Tang, C. Beddows, F.M. Quin, M.A. Stocking August 2003 Production Systems Characterisation Preface PREFACE This Characterisation Study was funded as part of the Project Development activities of the Natural Resources Systems Programme (NRSP). Dr FM Quin (the NRSP Programme Manager, April 1999 to April 2003) and Professor MA Stocking (member of the NRSP Steering Group) developed the method that was used for the Study and oversaw the work, providing technical advice and contributing to the writing of this report. Jeremy Taylor, a Research Associate with the Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia (ODG-UEA), was responsible for assembling and compiling the data and other supporting information by country and production system. ManFai Tang of HTS Development Ltd assisted in the production and compilation of the physiographic characterisation maps, refinement of the method for systems comparisons and prepared the initial draft of parts of this report. Carl Beddows (also with HTS Development Ltd) provided technical guidance to Jeremy Taylor on the use of GIS software and assisted with assembling some data sources. Other technical and administrative support provided by ODG-UEA and HTS Development Ltd is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks also expressed for the support and encouragement for undertaking the Study provided by the DFID Adviser to NRSP, the late Derek Sutton. NRSP August 2003 i Production Systems Characterisation Contents CONTENTS Preface i Executive Summary v 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Systems Characterisation Overview.............................................................................................1-1 1.2 How To Use This Report ..............................................................................................................1-2 2 Natural Resources Systems Programme (NRSP) 2-1 2.1 Overview of NRSP........................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Production Systems and Target Countries ...................................................................................2-1 2.2.1 Summary........................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.2 High Potential Production Systems ................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.3 Hillsides Production Systems .......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.4 Semi-Arid Production Systems........................................................................................................ 2-2 2.2.5 Forest Agriculture Interface............................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2.6 Land Water Interface........................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.7 Peri-Urban Interface......................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Purpose of the Systems Characterisation Study...........................................................................2-3 3 Systems Characterisation – Methods and Sources 3-1 3.1 Criteria for Systems Characterisation...........................................................................................3-1 3.2 Mapping the Production System(s) by Target Country...............................................................3-2 3.3 Combining Data by Production System across Target Countries ...............................................3-3 3.4 Comparisons of data for characterisation criteria between Production systems.........................3-4 3.5 Resource Materials........................................................................................................................3-5 4 Research Findings 4-1 4.1 Overall Data Analysis and Main Conclusions .............................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Data analysis..................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Main conclusions.............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Other Findings of the Characterisation Study..............................................................................4-5 4.2.1 General comment ............................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.2 Best judgements on PS boundaries.................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.3 Effects of target countries on PS prioritisation ............................................................................... 4-6 4.2.4 Comparisons across PSs – poverty status........................................................................................ 4-7 4.2.5 Comparisons across PSs – other characterisation criteria .............................................................. 4-8 4.3 Comments on the Study's Method................................................................................................4-8 5 Production Systems Characterisation Maps 5-1 5.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Bangladesh ....................................................................................................................................5-2 Production Systems – High Potential and Land Water Interface............................................................... 5-2 ii Production Systems Characterisation Contents 5.3 Bolivia ...........................................................................................................................................5-6 Production System – Hillsides..................................................................................................................... 5-6 5.4 Brazil .............................................................................................................................................5-8 Production System – Forest Agriculture Interface...................................................................................... 5-8 5.5 Caribbean.....................................................................................................................................5-11 Production System – Land Water Interface .............................................................................................. 5-11 5.6 Ghana...........................................................................................................................................5-14 Production System – Forest Agriculture Interface.................................................................................... 5-14 5.7 Ghana...........................................................................................................................................5-18 Production System – Peri-Urban Interface................................................................................................ 5-18 5.8 India.............................................................................................................................................5-20 Production System – High Potential.......................................................................................................... 5-20 5.9 India.............................................................................................................................................5-24 Production System – Semi-Arid ............................................................................................................... 5-24 5.10 India.............................................................................................................................................5-29 Production System – Peri-Urban Interface................................................................................................ 5-29 5.11 Kenya...........................................................................................................................................5-31 Production System – High Potential.......................................................................................................... 5-31 5.12 Nepal............................................................................................................................................5-36 Production Systems – Forest Agriculture Interface and Hillsides ..........................................................