ARKIV FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI UTGIVET MED UNDERSTÖD AV AXEL KOCKS FOND FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI SAMT STATSBIDRAG FRÅN SVERIGE DANMARK OCH NORGE GENOM TURE JOHANNISSON UNDER MEDVERKAN AV JOHS. BRØNDUM-NIELSEN EYVIND FJELD HALVORSEN JÓN HELGASON LUDVIG HOLM-OLSEN VALTER JANSSON PETER SKAUTRUP ELIAS WESSÉN NITTIONDE BANDET SJÄTTE FÖLJDEN. ÅTTONDE BANDET LiberLäromedel MCMLXXV INNEHÅLL Benson, Sven, professor, Göteborg, Ejder, Bertil, professor, Lund, och Pamp, Bengt, arkivchef, Lund: Litteratur­ krönika 1974 ........................................................................... 235—259 Bibire, Paul, lecturer, St. Andrews: Some Notes on the Old Icelandic Front Mutations ......................................................183—212 Ejder, Bertil, se ovan Evans, D. A. H., Oxford: Observations on a New Edition of Viktors saga ok B låvus .......................................................... 80— 91 Hallberg, Peter, professor, Göteborg: Tidsadverbet pvi næst i norröna te x te r .......................................................................213—213 Harris, Joseph, assistant professor, Stanford: Qgmundar þáttr dytts ok Gunnars helmings. Unity and Literary R e la tio n s ................................................................................... 15 G—182 Hødnebø, Finn, dosent, Oslo: Anne Elisabeth Holtsmark 21/6. 1896— 19/5. 1974 ....................................................................... 230—234 Höfier, Otto, professor, Wien: Der Rökstein und Theoderich . 92—110 Jakobsen, Alfred, professor, Trondheim: Et par Edda-strofer r e v u r d e rt .................................................................................. 41— 48 Johannisson, Ture, professor, Göteborg, och Loman, Bengt, professor, Åbo: Recensioner ..................................................214—229 Kabell, Aage, professor, Aarhus: Baugi und der Ringeid . 30— 40 Loman, Bengt, se ovan Lönnroth, Lars, professor, Aalborg: Structural Divisions in the Njåla Manuscripts............................................................. 49— 79 Motz, Lotte, dr. phil., Hollis, NY: The King and the Goddess. An Interpretation of the Svipdagsmål ............................. 133— 150 Nielsen, Hans F., mag. art., Aalborg: Morphological and Phonological Parallels between Old Norse and Old E n g lish ....................................................................................... 1— 18 Nilsson, Bruce E., Stuttgart: The Rune-stone from Mörby- långa: A Complete Interpretation ..........................................123— 126 Pamp, Bengt, se ovan Salberger, Evert, lektor, Göteborg : Sum: kuin. Ett ord och en rimstav på Norra Härene-stenen ..........................................111— 122 Schrodt, Richard, Dr. phil., Wien: Zwei altnordische Waffen- (teil)namen nnd Egil Skallagrimsson, Lv. 4 0 .....................151— 155 Thulin, Alf, fil. kand., Lnnd: Ingvarståget — en ny datering? . 19— 29 Wessen, Elias, professor, Stockholm: Heliga Birgitta och svenska språket ....................................................................... 127— 132 Till red. insända skrifter ............................................................... 260—264 HANS F. NIELSEN Morphological and Phonological Parallels between Old Norse and Old English 1 In the past a number of scholars have drawn attention to important lingnistic parallels between North Germanic (NG) and the so-called West Germanic (WG) languages, i.e. Old English (OE), Old Frisian (OFris.), Old Saxon (OS), and Old High German (OHG), cf. Maurer p. 72 ff., M. Adamus, Germanica Wratislaviensia VII 1962, p. 126 ff., and Krause3 p. 50 ff. Less interest has been taken in the purely ON (Old Norse)/OE (NG/NSG) parallels to judge from the rather sporadic attempts to list such parallels. Oddly enough, two of the founders of Germanic and comparative philol- ogy, Rasmus Rask and Jacob Grimm, both assumed a connection between Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon. Rask states that “AngelsaksisJcen kommer af alle de gamle Sprog Islandsken nærmest” (Undersøgelse om det gamle Nordiske eller Islandske Sprogs Oprindelse, 1818, p. 66), and though not going quite so far, Grimm in the 3rd edition of his Deutsche Grammatik I (1840, p. 9) holds the view th at “Hochdeutsch, niederdeutsch, nieder­ ländisch, angelsächsisch, liegen gegenseitig in engem band, allein wieder­ um so, dass das sächsische, angelsächsische und englische ausserdem eine merkliche berührung mit dem nordischen haben”, a view foreshadowed in the Ist edition (1819, p. L).2 But neither scholar provides any linguistic parallels, in contrast to Johannes Schmidt, who a few decades later in his “Zur Geschichte des Indogerm. Vocalismus II, 1875, pp. 451—53, emphasizes “die gemeinsam- keit des w-umlautes und der liquidalverbindungen”, which “bringt den angelsächsischen vocalismus dem nordischen sogar näher als dem alt­ 1 My particular thanks are due to Prof. D. H. Green, Cambridge, who originally suggested this topic, and I am also very grateful to Dr. Harry Andersen for his valuable comments. 2 Streitberg, Michels, and Jellinek, Germanisch, Die Erforschung der indoger­ manischen Sprachen II, p. 9 f., Berlin/Leipzig 1936. H. Zimmer, ZDA 19,1876, p. 393. 2 Hans F. Nielsen [2 sächsischen”—and he goes on, “Nur im angelsächsischen finden sich dem nordischen sé sim, ser sis u.s.f. genau entsprechende formen”. The parallels stated by Schmidt are questionable, but although his assumptions are probably false, they serve a praiseworthy purpose, viz. a demonstration of “die unhaltbarkeit der stammbaumtheorie” (p. 453) and its inadequacy in explaining dialectal interrelations in Germanic. In a paper published in 1896 (AfdA XXII pp. 129—164) Hermann Møller (o.c. p. 148 footn.) mentions a few words “die das englische dank der früheren geogr. Stellung mit dem nordischen gemein hat”, cf. prep. af (of), OE fram, from, ON frå // German von, Frisian fan, fon etc., OE ryge, ON rugr (i-st.) ff OFris. rogga, OHG rocco (n-st.), and finally ON heri, OE hara where Germ./Fris. have s-forms (Germ. Hase). Møller’s observations are repeated by Jordan, Angl. Forschungen 17, 1906, p. 113, by Hoops, Reallexikon der germ. Altertumskunde I, 1911—13, p. 87 f., and by Schwarz p. 201 f.—and Neckel, Beitr. 51, p. 11, and Wadstein, Skrifter utg. av K. Hum. Vet.-Samf. i Uppsala, vol. 24 (1924) p. 32, both refer to Møller. Of course, to base linguistic relations chiefly on lexicon cannot be accepted without fundamental reservations, but Møller can also be criticized on another level. Hammerich (p. 353 f.) makes it probable that Møller’s parallels are in faet retentions of common Gmc. phenomena, the Germ./Fris. forms thus being innovations after the Anglo-Saxon emigra­ tion.3 Whereas Møller was interested in lexical similarities, Richard Loewe (Die ethnische und sprachliche Gliederung der Germanen, 1899, p. 10 f.) is more concerned with ON/OE (NSG) phonological parallels such as the loss of n before s, and m before / with compensatory lengthening of the preceding short vowel; e > i in tehan on the analogy of niun, cf. ON tiu, tio, OE tiene, týne (<*tihen), OS tian (beside normal tehan); sl > Is, fl > If (cf. Schwarz p. 266), and e > eo before u in the following syllable, cf. Schmidt. Also Otto Bremer deserves special mention. In his opinion (Grundriss der germ. Philologie III, 1900, p. 842) there were close contacts between the Anglo-Frisian group and the German and Nordic tribes, so that there is a basis for assuming not only a WG linguistic community, but also an Anglo-Fris./Scandinavian one. Parallels mentioned by Bremer (o.c. p. 3 In his Altenglische Grammatik from 1970 (p. 39)—and referring to Schwarz p. 201—H. Pilch mentions only one parallel connecting English with Norse, and that is, surprisingly, Swedish av, E nglish ofl 3] Morphological and Phonological Parallels 3 815 footn.) include—besides those listed by Schmidt—the loss of n and m before s and / (cf. Loewe); q, än > g, ön, and a few Auslautsgesetze. R. Jordan’s “Eigentümlichkeiten des anglischen Wortschatzes”, Angl. Forsch. 17 (1906), represents another step forward. Jordan (p. 113) does accept the parallels stated by Schmidt and Møller, but is not blind to the faet that OE back mutation and ON fracture may be late separate devel- opments. Further, Jordan is aware of the parallel OE ä and ON ä (under certain conditions), both deriving from Gmc. ai (p. 114). However, Jordan’s principal objective is a demonstration of linguistic correspond- ences between Anglian and Nordic (Scandinavian), since in the view of many scholars the Anglians originally bordered on the North Germanic tribes in the Cimbrian peninsula. A similar idea had already occurred to Møller (o.c. p. 148), but he does not provide any linguistic evidence.— Jordan gives about 15 Anglian/Scand. lexical parallels (o.c. p. 117 ff.), many of which being repeated by Schwarz p. 229, but only one phono­ logical similarity, viz. the greater extension of the back umlaut in the Anglian dialects than in West Saxon (cf. also Neckel, o.c. p. 15), and one morphological parallel: the correspondence between pres. pi. of vb. subst. Angl. earun, ar on and ON er o, which Lottner called attention to as early as 1860 (TrPhS 1860—61, p. 63 f.). The results of Jordan’s research are reflected in e. g. Hoops (o.c. p. 88) and Wadstein (o.c. p. 33 and footnote). Gustav Neckel has already been mentioned. In his important article “Die verwantschaften der germanischen sprachen untereinander”, Beitr. 51, 1927, pp. 1—17, he states his belief in an original geographical proxi- mity between Anglo-Frisian and Nordic tribes in