LITTLE MANILA IS IN THE HEART LITTLE MANILA IS IN THE HEART The Making of the Filipina/o American Community in Stockton, California DAWN BOHULANO MABALON Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Arno Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Photo credit (frontispiece): A group of friends gather on Lafayette Street in the 1930s. From left to right, unknown man, Coleta Delgado Luisen, Angelina Bantillo Magdael, and Domingo Tuason. Courtesy of the Angelina Bantillo Magdael Family Collection. Photo credit (p. vi): The northern end of Little Manila, El Dorado and Washington Streets, in the late 1920s. Photo by Frank Mancao, courtesy of the Filipino American National Historical Society. Photo credit (p. viii): A gathering of friends in the campo in Stockton in the late 1920s. Photo by Frank Mancao, courtesy of the Filipino American National Historical Society. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Mabalon, Dawn Bohulano. Little Manila is in the heart : the making of the Filipina/o American community in Stockton, California / Dawn Bohulano Mabalon. p cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-0-8223-5325-6 (cloth : alk. paper) isBn 978-0-8223-5339-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Filipinos—California—Stockton—History—20th century. 2. Immigrants—California—Stockton— History—20th century. 3. Filipino Americans— California—Stockton—History—20th century. 4. Stockton (Calif.)—History—20th century. I. Title. f870.f4m33 2013 305.899′21073079455—dc23 2013005280 This book is for my mother, Christine Bohulano Bloch, my first teacher, and my father, Ernesto Tirona Mabalon, who taught me how to become a historian; my grandparents, whose sacrifices made our lives possible, Isabel Tirona Mabalon and Pablo Magdaluyo Mabalon and Concepcion Moreno Bohulano and Delfin Paderes Bohulano; my family, whose love and support sustained the writing of this book; all the manangs and manongs of Little Manila, all Filipinas/os who call Stockton their home, and all the future generations of Filipina/o Stocktonians .