The Termal Circuits of the Argentera Massif (Western Alps, Italy) : an Example of Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources Controlled B

The Termal Circuits of the Argentera Massif (Western Alps, Italy) : an Example of Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources Controlled B

The termal circuits of the Argentera Massif (western Alps, Italy) : an example of low- enthalpy geothermal resources controlled by Neogene alpine tectonics Autor(en): Perello, Paolo / Marini, Luigi / Martinotti, Giorgio Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 94 (2001) Heft 1 PDF erstellt am: 07.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-168878 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. 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Basel, 2001 The thermal circuits of the Argenterà Massif (western Alps, Italy): An example of low-enthalpy geothermal resources controlled by Neogene alpine tectonics Paolo Perello1, Luigi Marini2, Giorgio Martinotti3 & Johannes C. Hunziker4 Key words: Argenterà Massif. Western Alps, thermal water, low-enthalpy geothermal resource, brittle tectonic ABSTRACT- RIASSUNTO Ihis work presents geochemistry and structural geology data concerning the Questo studio riporta una caratterizzazione geochimica e geologico strutturale low enthalpy geothermal circuits of the Argenterà crystalline Massif in dei circuiti geotermici a bassa entalpia presenti all'interno del Massiccio northwestern Italian Alps. cristallino dell'Argenterà, nelle Alpi italiane nord-occidentali. In quest'area, In this area some thermal springs (50-60 C). located in the small Bagni di alcune sorgenti termali (50-60 C). situate in prossimità dell'abitato di Bagni di Vinadio village, discharge mixtures made up of a Na-CI end-member and a Vinadio. scaricano delle acque che rappresentano miscele costituite da un Na-SO-i component. The latter is also discharged by the thermal springs of endmember a composizione cloruro-sodica (Na-Cl) e da un end-member a Terme di Valdieri located some kilometres apart within the same tectonic composizione solfato-sodica (Na-SOj). Quest'ultimo end-member è anche scaricato complex. Both end-members share the same meteoric origin and the same dalle sorgenti termali di Terme di Valdieri. localizzate ad alcuni chilometri reservoir temperature, which is close to 150 C. Explanations are thus required di distanza dalle precedenti all'interno dello stesso complesso tettonico. to understand how they reach the surface and how waters of the same origin Entrambi gli end-members mostrano una comune origine da acque meteoriche e and circulating in similar rocks can attain such different compositions. la stessa temperatura di riequilibrazione. prossima a 150°C. Sono dunque Sodium-sulphate waters discharged at both sites, likely represent the common necessarie delle spiegazioni per comprendere come essi raggiungano la superficie interaction product of meteoric waters wilh the widespread granitic- e come acque della stessa origine, che circolano in rocce simili possano migmatitic rocks of the Argenterà Massif, whereas Na-CI waters originate raggiungere composizioni finali tanto diverse. through leaching of mineralised cataclastic rocks, which are rich in phyllosili- Le acque solfato sodiche, scaricate in entrambi i siti rappresentano eatic minerals and fluid inclusions, both acting as Cl sources. probabilmente il risultato comune dell'interazione con le diffuse rocce granitiche e Due to the relatively low inferred geothermal gradient of the region. migmatitiche del Massiccio dell'Argenterà, mentre le acque cloruro-sodiche ~25°C/km. meteoric waters have to descend to depths of 5.5-6 km to attain traggono origine dalla lisciviazione di rocce di faglia mineralizzate, ricche in temperatures of ~150°C. These relevant depths can be reached by descending minerali fillosilicatici e in inclusioni fluide che agiscono entrambi come meteoric waters, due to the recent extensional stress field, which allows the sorgenti di Cl. development of geothermal circulations at greater depths than in other sectors of A Causa del basso gradiente geotermico ipotizzabile per la regione, circa the Alps by favouring a greater fractures aperture. The ascent of the thermal 25°C. le acque meteoriche devono infiltrarsi fino a profondità di 5.5-6 Km per waters takes place along brittle shear zones. In both sites, the thermal waters raggiungere temperature di 150 C. Il presente studio ha permesso di concludere emerge at the bottoms of the valleys, close to either the lateral termination of che tali considerevoli profondità possono essere raggiunte dalle acque a brittle shear zone at Terme di Valdieri. or a step-over between two en-echelon meteoriche discendenti grazie alla presenza di un campo degli sforzi recente di brittle shear zones at Bagni di Vinadio. These observations attest to a tipo estensionale. che consente lo sviluppo di circolazioni consistenti a profondità strong control operated on the location of outlet regions by both brittle maggiori che in altri settori delle Alpi favorendo una maggior apertura tectonics and the minima in hydraulic potential inside the fractured massif. delle fratture. La risalita delle acque termali avviene lungo zone di taglio fragili. In entrambi i siti le acque termali vengono a giorno lungo dei fondivalle. in prossimità di terminazioni laterali di zone di deformazione fragili (Terme di Valdieri). o in prossimità di zone di ponte tra due zone di taglio fragili en- echelon (Bagni di Vinadio). Queste osservazioni testimoniano un forte controllo operato sull'ubicazione delle zone di emergenza da parte sia degli elementi tettonici recenti che dei minimi di potenziale idraulico all'interno del massiccio fratturato. 1 SEA Consulting s.r.l.. Via Gioberti 78.1-10128 Torino. Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Earth Sciences. University of Genova. Corso Europa 26.1-16132 Genova. Italy. E-mail: [email protected] ' Department of Earth Sciences. University of Torino. Via Valperga Caluso37.1-10125 Torino. Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Institut de Minéralogie et Pétrographie. Université de Lausanne. BFSH-2. CH-1015 Lausanne. Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] Thermal circuits. Argenterà Massif (W. Alps. Italy) 75 1999; Seward & Mancktelow 1994). Other thermal springs arc- a— Oligocene and Neogene thrust systems Crystalline basement of the Elvelle Oomain —- Oligocene and Neogene sinke slip faults located in the Lepontine Dome, a region characterised by a Mam thermal sources _ Oligocene and Neogene Eirthensiona faults geothermal gradient slightly higher than normal for the Alps ^- Shear iones active until Pliocene (30-35 C to the normal of 20-25 C: Clark Shortening and exthension compared gradient directions of the Neogene finite o<: 1956) and related induced strain field & Niblett are probably to uplift by or recent tectonic activity which took place along the Rhone-Simplon shear zone (Mancktelow 1985; Steck 1990: Steck & Hunziker tf 1994). Finally, widespread occurrences are present in the * external Alps, in relation with important Neogene tectonic features like the Jura Front. X The present work deals with the case of two thermal water discharges, Terme di Valdieri and Bagni di Vinadio (in the 7. following mainly abbreviated to Valdieri and Vinadio). which are 4 located approximately 17 km apart, within the Argenterà Massif F (AM). Alpine structures are relatively well known in the GtanoUe south-western sector of the AM (Bogdanoff 1986: Guardia & Ivaldi 1985). Conversely they were poorly studied in the other ^ % sectors, including the areas of Bagni di Vinadio and Terme di \\.\ Valdieri. which were therefore surveyed together with the De- monte-Valdieri area in the framework of the present investigation (Fig. 2, Pl. 1. Pl. 2 and Pl. 3). Detailed structural mapping was carried out in these areas, to investigate the geological : constraints possibly controlling the localisation of thermal water discharges and to get some insight into the extension at depth of the water circuits feeding these thermal springs. Both at Valdieri and at Vinadio. thermal waters are na 2 discharged by several springs, which are located within small areas of 10.000 m2 approximately (Pl.2 and 3). Maximum outlet Fig. 1 Tectonic sketch map of the Western Al|is. Dark shadowed areas are temperatures are close to 60°C. Although the geochemistry the External Massifs continental Dots the crystalline (European crust). are of the Terme di Valdieri and Bagni di Vinadio thermal waters most important thermal springs.

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