ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «АМУРСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ» МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПОСОБИЕ для внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы «ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КИТАЙСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА» Составители: ст.преподаватель И.А. Бибик ассистент О.И.Катина ассистент Е.А. Волосенкова Благовещенск 2016 Введение В современных условиях значимым являются навыки «самообучения». Данное пособие представляет собой подборку текстов по теме «Традиционная китайская медицина». В приложении пособия есть упражнения к текстам, кейсы, ряд заданий творческого характера и грамматическое сопровождение (тесты с вариантами ответов). Выбор формы пособия позволяет решать указанные выше задачи. Обучающиеся смогут познакомиться с основными аспектами традиционной китайской медицины, улучшить свои знания английского языка в удобном режиме и отработать навыки извлечения информации из иноязычных источников. В пособие входят тексты по следующим ключевым темам: «Альтернативная медицина», «Акупунктура», «Банки», «Массаж», «Прижигания», «Лечение травами», «Питание», «Гимнастика». Материалы пособия могут способствовать повышению уровня владения английским языком по темам и повышению мотивации к дальнейшему изучению иностранного языка. 2 CONTENTS: I. What are the most subjective symptoms? What are the most objective symptoms? What words are used as synonyms for the words “disease”? .4 II. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE..................................................................................................................7 III. ACUPUNCTURE.................................................................................................51 IV. MASSAGE…………………………………………………………………… 106 V. CUPPING……………………………………………………………………… 167 VI. MOXIBUSTION……………………………………………………………… 202 VII. CHINESE HERBS…………………………………………………………… 250 VIII. NUTRITION………………………………………………………………… 288 IX. EXERCISES / T’ai ChI is the APPENDIX 1) ExercIses ........................................................................................................316 2) Cases...............................................................................................................318 3) Project materIals……………………………………………………………319 4) Grammar support tests…………………………………………………….320 3 I. What are the most subjective symptoms? What are the most objective symptoms? What words are used as synonyms for the words “dIsease”? What are the most subjective symptoms? Symptom – an indication of disease or disorder noticed by the patient himself. The most common subjective symptoms known only to the patient by his sensation are chill, malaise, lassitude, weakness and prostration. One of the main subjective symptoms is pain which may be either mild and slight or bad, severe and even violent. The pain may be of a stabbing cutting, burning, splitting or throbbing character. It may be dull or sharp, localized or general, persistent and recurrent. Often it is radiating. Other subjective symptoms are discomfort, restlessness, fatigue. A patient may suffer from insomnia or somnolence, dizziness. Indigestion is often accompanied by nausea, anorexia and heartburn. heart diseases are often characterized by palpitation, shortness of breath or dyspnea and respiratory distress. Irritation of the skin causes itching. common – обычный subjective – субъективный sensation – ощущение malaise – недомогание lassitude – апатичность prostration - изнеможение, слабость Pain – an unpleasant sensation ranging from mild discomfort to agonized distress, associated with real or potential tissue damage. slight (mild) pain – слабая боль bad (severe, violent) p.- сильная боль stabbing p. – колющая боль cutting p. - режущая боль burning p. - жгучая боль splitting p. – острая боль throbbing p. - пульсирующая боль dull p. - тупая боль sharp p. – острая боль localized p. – локализованная боль generalized p. – общая боль persistent p. – постоянная боль recurrent p. – периодическая боль radiating p.- боль отдающая (в) 4 discomfort - неприятное самочувствие restlessness - беспокойное состояние fatigue - утомление insomnia - бессонница somnolence - сонливость dizziness - головокружение anorexia (loss/lack of appetite) - отсутствие аппетита heartburn - изжога palpitation - сильное сердцебиение dyspnea (shortness of breath) - одышка distress - боль, сильное недомогание respiratory distress – расстройство дыхания irritation - раздражение itching - зуд What are the most objective symptoms? The most common objective symptoms are fever, anemia, sweating. An upper respiratory infection is usually characterized by hoarseness, sore throat, running nose, running eyes and sneezing. most lung diseases are characterized by cough, either productive with expectoration or dry and hacking. Gastrointestinal symptoms may be vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, regurgitation and salivation, while jaundice appears in hepatic diseases. Tumours may be characterized by lumps sores or discharge. Infectious diseases are often accompanied by rash or eruption followed by peeling or scaling of the skin. anemia – малокровие sweating (perspiration) - потение hoarseness – хрипота running eyes - слезящиеся глаза running nose – насморк sneezing - чихание cough - кашель productive cough – влажный кашель dry and hacking cough – сухой, частый кашель expectoration - отхаркиванье, мокрота regurgitation - срыгивание salivation - слюноотделение jaundice - желтуха tumour (growth) - опухоль lump - затвердение sore - язва discharge – выделения eruption (rash) – сыпь peeling (scaling) - шелушение What words are used as synonyms for the words “dIsease”? 5 There are a great many words used as synonyms for the word “disease”. Some of them are illness, sickness. malady is usually a serious and often fatal disease. Ailment and trouble usually designate chronic but not acute disease, while affection implies an attack upon a particular organ. Indisposition and disorder are also used to describe a slight disease. A short spell of indisposition is an attack, fit or bout. illness – болезнь sickness – болезнь, заболевание malady – (тяжелая) болезнь serious (grave) – серьезный fatal - смертельный ailment – нездоровье chronic – хронический acute – острый affection (affliction) – поражение attack (fit, bout) – приступ indisposition - нездоровье short spell - недлительное заболевание II. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Cancer patients could benefit from the combining of Chinese and Western medicine PublIshed: Tuesday 1 October 2013 Combining traditional forms of Chinese and Western medicine could offer new hope for developing new treatments for liver, lung, colorectal cancers and osteosarcoma of the bones. Experts from Cardiff university's School of medicine have joined forces with Peking university in China to test the health benefits of a traditional Chinese medicine. The team also set-out to examine how by combining it with more traditional methods like Chemotherapycould improve patient outcomes and potentially lead to the development of new cancer treatments and therapies. "Traditional Chinese medicine where compounds are extracted from natural products or herbs has been practised for centuries in China, Korea, Japan and other countries in Asia," according to Professor Wen Jiang from Cardiff university's School of medicine, who is the director of the Cardiff university-Peking University Joint Cancer Institute at Cardiff and led the research as part of a collaboration between Cardiff University and Peking University. "Although a few successes, most of the traditional remedies are short of scientific explanation which has inevitably led to scepticism - especially amongst traditionalists in the West. "As a result, we set out to test the success of a Chinese medicine and then consider how combining it alongside traditional methods like Chemotherapy could result in positive outcome for patients," he adds. Yangzheng Xiaoji is a traditional Chinese formula consisting of 14 herbs. The formula has been shown to be beneficial to cancer patients - however, until now how it works has remained unknown. Since 2012 the Team have investigated how the formula works, discovering that it works by blocking a pathway which stops the spread of cancer cells in the body. "The formula has been shown to be beneficial to patients with certain solid tumours, when used alone and in conventional therapies, such as Chemotherapy. 6 "It suggests that combining the formula with conventional as well as new therapies could hold the key to developing new treatments for cancer patients. "We are already looking to clinical trials in treatment of lung and other cancer types." Going West With Eastern medicine - Traditional Chinese medicine Is Entering The mainstream In Terms Western Practitioners understand PublIshed: Thursday 17 May 2007 In recent years, interest in complementary medicine has re-ignited in a big way as consumers turn to nature in the search of alternative remedies. In particular increasing numbers of people are beginning to seek answers to needs unaddressed by Western science by looking to the ancient knowledge of Traditional Chinese medicines. This accounts for the high penetration of complementary medicines in developed economies. According to World health Organisation estimates, more than half the populations of developed countries have tried alternative medication at least once. however, most western trained practitioners have had little exposure to or training in traditional medicine and find it difficult to guide their patients in their choices. The challenge of tradItional medIcIne