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They are intended to be used in advancing the knowledge needed for improving worker safety. 2 Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace: Proceedings of International Conference on Fall Prevention and Protection Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace 3 This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, citations to Web sites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these Web sites. All Web addresses referenced in this document were accessible as of the publication date. 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For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc,gov/niosh/eNews DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2012-103 November 2011 4 Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace Table of Contents Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................. 8 Foreword................................................................................................................................................ 9 A Commentary on Global Strategic Goals ......................................................................................... 10 NIOSH Strategic Goals to Reduce Fall Injuries In The Workplace........................................................ 12 MHLW and NIOSH Strategic Goals to Reduce Fall Injuries in the Workplace in Japan....................... 14 Research and Practice on Fall Prevention of OSHRI, KOSHA............................................................... 17 Fall Prevention Research at the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety...................................... 19 Slips and Falls, the Health and Safety Executive Approach.................................................................. 22 Dutch Approach to Reduce Accidents in Construction Industry........................................................... 26 A Commentary on Slips, Trips and Falls on the Same Level.............................................................. 30 Causes, Sources and Costs of Falls in a Helicopter Manufacturing Plant............................................. 32 Slips, Trips and Falls: Bad Design or Careless Behavior?...................................................................... 36 Slip, Trip, and Fall Injuries to Nursing Home Workers.......................................................................... 40 Role of Transverse Shear Force in Required Coefficient of Friction...................................................... 44 Effect of Boot Weight on Gait Characteristics of Men and Women Firefighters in Negotiating Obstacles........................................................................................................................... 48 Study on Trip Probability Against Obstacles During Locomotion......................................................... 52 Fashion Footwear and the Risk of Falling in Young Women................................................................. 56 Coherence of Gait and Mental Workload.............................................................................................. 60 Spheroidal Heel Posterior: Implications for Slips and Falls................................................................... 65 Effects of Limbering Up Exercises to Prevent Falls on Physical Performance and Fall Risks in Elderly Workers.................................................................................................................................. 69 Issues of Wear and Tear on the Shoe Heel Surfaces and Their Effects on Slip Resistance Performances.... 73 Balance Training Via Multimodal Biofeedback....................................................................................... 77 Effect of Excessive Adiposity on Risk of Slipping and Postural Stability.............................................. 81 Kinetic Learning in Occupational Fall Prevention Training.................................................................... 85 Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace 5 Use of Walking Simulations to Assess the Frictional Requirements of Slip Resistant Gait................... 90 A Methodology for the Analysis of Lateral Friction in Curved-Path Walking........................................ 93 Biofidelity-based Comparison of Barefoot Slip Resistance (Laboratory) Against an In Vivo Tribometer and a Standard Tribometer.................................................................................................. 97 A Study to Understand Gait Characteristics to Explain Trip-Induced Falls on Crushed Rock Aggregate, Specifically Railroad Ballast....................................... 101 Effect of Shoe Roughness on Shoe-Floor Lubrication............................................................................ 105 The Contribution of Environmental Factors to Elderly In-Patient Falls in Acute Facilities.................... 109 Slipping in U.S. Limited Service Restaurants.......................................................................................... 113 A Commentary on Fall-from Elevation Research.................................................................................... 117 Background for a Test Method to Determine the Impact Resistance of a Skylight to a Falling Human.................................................................................................................... 119 Gait Parameters and Trunk Movement While Walking on Flexible Wooden Boards of a Simulated Scaffold............................................................................................................... 124 Work-Related Fall Prevention: Results of a Systematic Review of the Literature.................................. 128 Effects of Lateral Reaching on the Stability of Stepladders................................................................... 133 Imbalance Caused by Transitioning to a Standing Posture.................................................................... 137 Risks of Accident in Construction Sites in India and How to Prevent Accidents Caused by Falling from Height.................................................................... 141 Lateral Buckling of Wood Composite I-Joists as a Mechanism Causing Falls From Elevation.................................................................................................................. 146 Factors Associated with Falls From Heights in Residential Construction.............................................. 150 Fall Prevention Technology Use at Residential Worksites...................................................................... 154 Field Studies and Labeling Research on the Angle of Inclination of Non-Self Supporting Ladders................................................................................................................. 157 On the Resistance of the Pre-Contracted Elbow Musclesto an Impulsive Elbow Flexion Moment: Gender, Co-Contraction and Joint Angle Effects...................................................... 161 Effects of Lumbar Extensor Fatigue and Surface Inclination on Postural Control During Quiet Stance.................................................................................................................. 164 Combating the Risk of Fall From Height: A Holistic Approach............................................................ 167 Kinematic Response of the NIOSH Developed Safety Rail System in a Laboratory Setting................. 172 6 Research and Practice for Fall Injury Control in the Workplace Study on Fall Protection from Scaffolds by Improved Scaffold Sheeting.......................................... 176 Fall Prevention and Protection for Scissor Lifts.................................................................................. 180 Appropriate Dimensions to Prevent the Accident On The Stair........................................................ 184 Hazard Associated with Construction Sites in India and Various Techniques for Preventing Accidents due to Fall from Height................................................................................... 188 The Influence of Heavy Truck Egress Tactics on Ground Reaction Force.......................................... 192 Hazard Recognition for Ironworkers: Preventing Falls and Close Calls – Updated Findings...........