https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem Conflict prevention and resolution through language exchange MANUAL Fourth version May 2019 Contact address: [email protected] 1 https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem We would like to thank you for contact information, background information, support in literature research and/or comments: Oscar Sanz, Carmen Symalla, Petra Zimmermann and many others who would like to remain unnamed; the intermediators team of alpha beta picadilly South Tyrol / Alto Adige, the Adult Education Association of Latvia, Gernika Gogoratuz, the Library of the Hessian Foundation for Peace and Conflict Research Frankfurt/Main and the Chair Board of Tandem Foundation. The opinions expressed in the chapters are of course the responsibility of the authors. The project 'Dialog-Tandem' is supported by: Tandem Escuela Internacional Madrid, Tandem International and private Persons This book (pdf) is published as No. 68 of the 'Tandem News'. (Número 68 de las 'Tandem-Neuigkeiten', periodicidad variable): ISSN 1137-2257 Depósito Legal SS-1279/96 Publishing licence of the Spanish Ministry of Culture (permiso editorial del Ministerio de Cultura) 16-06-87 © Peace-Tandem / Tandem Fundazioa, Donostia / San Sebastián 2019 Redistribution is desired ! License 'Creative Commons', 'Attribution - non-commercial - distribution under equal conditions' 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) You may: Share - reproduce and redistribute the material in any format or medium Edit - remix the material, change and build on it The licenser cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you comply with the terms of the license. Under the following conditions: Attribution - You must provide appropriate copyright and other proprietary notices, include a link to the license, and indicate whether any changes have been made. This information may be provided in any reasonable manner, but not in such a way as to create the impression that the Licensor is specifically endorsing you or your use. Non Commercial - You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Distribution on equal terms - If you remix, modify, or otherwise directly build upon the material, you may distribute your contributions only under the same license as the original. No other restrictions - You may not use any additional clauses or technical procedures that legally prohibit others from doing anything that the License permits. 2 https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem Castellano / Español Es la cuarta versión de la ayuda inicial para grupos que prueban el DT en 2019. Estaba inicialmente escrita en alemán. Luego se tradujo mediante www.deepl.com al Inglés y se revisó por un no- nativo. Agradecemos cualquier mejora. El manual (que cubre casi todas formas de tándem) está pensado no sólo para personas que intermedian parejas de tándem, sino también para las que organizan el programa, hacen publicidad etc. El primer grupo puede concentrarse en los capítulos sobre tándem marcados en verde en el índice, para el segundo son también necesarios los conocimientos de fondo sobre resolución de conflictos en los capítulos restantes. Deutsch Das ist die vierte Version der Starthilfe für Gruppen, die DT 2019 erproben. Sie wurde zunächst auf Deutsch geschrieben. Dann wurde sie mit www.deepl.com ins Englische übersetzt und von einem nicht-'Native' revidiert. Für jede Verbesserung sind wir dankbar. Das Handbuch, das fast alle Tandem-Formen behandelt, ist sowohl für Personen gedacht, die Tandempaare vermitteln, als auch für die, die das gesamte Programm organisieren, dafür werben usw. Die erste Gruppe kann sich auf die Kapitel über Tandem konzentrieren, die im Inhaltsverzeichnis grün markiert sind, für die zweite ist das Hintergrundwissen über Konfliktaustragung in den übrigen Kapiteln auch notwendig. English This is the fourth version of the jump-start for groups testing DT 2019. It was first written in German. Then it was translated into English with www.deepl.com and revised by a non-native. We are grateful for every improvement. The manual that deals with almost all types of tandem is intended for people who are arranging tandem pairs as well as for those who are organizing, promoting, etc. the whole program. The first group can concentrate on the chapters about tandem, which are marked green in the table of contents, for the second group the background knowledge about conflict resolution in the other chapters is also necessary. Statement In case that the state where I work declared war on a second state where other people work I declare on these people already today the PEACE (source unknown) 3 https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem Table of contents 0.1. Instrucciones de uso / Gebrauchsanweisung / Instructions for use 3 0.2.C Description del proyecto 8 0.2.D Projektbeschreibung 9 0.2.E Project description 10 1. What is the background for the Dialog-Tandem ? Are there really 'ethnic conflicts' ? 11 2. Previous use of 'tandem' for peace 12 3. Definitions of 'conflict' 16 3.1. What types of conflicts exist? 20 3.2. Are there intractable conflicts? 23 3.3. What role do group identities play in 'ethnic conflicts'? 25 3.4. How does the distraction by 'images of the enemy' work? 29 3.5. What is 'ethnic distance'? 32 3.6. Do individual psychological explanations suffice ? 33 3.7. How is conflict intensification used as a political tool? 34 3.8. Are there psychological structures that favour this? 36 3.9. How to intensify / defuse conflicts ? 38 4. Phases of a conflict 47 4.1. Prevention 48 4.1.1. What helps contact between the conflict parties? 48 4.1.2. What should be done with sectors of the population that are more prone to violent solutions? 50 4.1.3. How can the willingness to open himself to discussions be encouraged? 51 4.1.4. What is important for negotiations? 56 4.1.5. Should unequal power relations be ignored ? 59 4.2. Bridge building 61 4.2.1. What can be done about the danger of being treated as a 'traitor'? 61 4.2.2. Are distance contacts a solution ? 62 4.2.3. What about meetings in third countries? 62 4.3. Reconciliation 62 4.3.1. What is meant by this ? 62 4.3.2. Who reconciles with whom and when ? 65 4.3.3. How can this be facilitated? 70 4.3.4. What are the difficulties? 73 4.3.5. Is there a relationship between democracy and reconciliation? 77 4.3.6. What are the factors for willingness to reconcile? 78 4.3.7. Can it be 'necessary' to maintain hatred? 84 4.3.8. Does contact also help in this phase? 85 4.3.9. What role do the peace NGOs play in this? 87 4.3.10. Where to find starting points for contact ? 91 4.3.11. Is 'Tandem as language activity in Dialog-Tandem' equal to 'Speaking about the past' ? 96 4 https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem 5. 'Dialog-Tandem' 97 5.1. How does Tandem fit into these phases, processes and levels? 97 5.2. How are tandem partnerships formed and managed ? 98 5.2.1. Where does the idea come from? 98 5.2.2. How does the individual matching of tandem partners work? 100 5.2.3. For whom does participation in tandems make sense? 101 5.2.4. Who can set up an intermediation centre? 101 5.2.5. What is important in intermediation? 102 5.2.6. What is the purpose of the interview? 105 5.2.7. Should we continue to take care of the tandems? 107 5.2.8. What does the organisation need? 108 5.2.9. What are the costs? 108 5.2.10. What difficulties and problems can there be in the couple matching? 108 5.3. How to form couples with large numbers of participants ? 110 5.3.1. Why was the 'cocktail' developed? 110 5.3.2. How does it work? 111 5.3.2.1.What is the content ? 111 5.3.2.2.What else is important ? 113 5.3.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of hand intermediation and cocktail parties? 114 5.3.4. Are there other possibilities ? 115 5.3.5. What do the results of the accompanying research show? 118 5.4. How does the exchange take place in groups/courses ? 118 5.5. How many different fields of application exist? 119 5.5.0. "Not for school, but for life we learn." 119 5.5.1. Age 119 5.5.2. Institution 120 5.5.3. Location 122 5.5.4. Language 123 5.5.5. Goal 124 5.5.6. Content 125 5.5.7. Form 127 5.5.8. "All beginnings are..." (specially in schools) 128 5.6. How can tandems with advanced knowledge work with technical languages ? 130 5.6.1. How are the situation and needs assessed? 133 5.6.2. What are the contents ? 134 5.6.3. How is this organised? 135 5.7. What is special about the intercultural tandem? 137 5.7.1. General introduction 137 5.7.2. The situation and its context 138 5.7.3. InterCultural Tandem 141 5 https://tandemcity.info/free-tandem-downloads/ > Dialog-Tandem 5.7.3.1. Formation of the first Intercultural Tandem Group 141 5.7.3.2. The InterCultural Tandem Net 142 5.7.4. Development of the InterCultural Tandem Group Donostia 143 5.7.4.1. Participants 144 5.7.4.2. Contents 145 5.7.4.3. Methodology 146 5.7.4.3.1. Topic-centered interaction (TCI) 147 5.7.4.4. Some concrete experiences 150 5.7.5.Conclusions 153 5.8. Is a combination with the cross-border 'Mugaz Gain' tandem useful in border areas? 155 5.9.