MINISTRY OF FORESTRY OF INDONESIA IN COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology by : Atok Subiakto, Erdy Santoso, Pratiwi, Erry Purnomo, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Bambang Wiyono, Eka Novriyanti, Sri Suharti, Maman Turjaman TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology R & D CENTRE FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (FORDA) MINISTRY OF FORESTRY INDONESIA ISBN 978-979-3145-84-6 2011 9 789793 145846 MINISTRY OF FORESTRY OF INDONESIA IN COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology by : Atok Subiakto, Erdy Santoso, Pratiwi, Erry Purnomo, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Bambang Wiyono, Eka Novriyanti, Sri Suharti, Maman Turjaman TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology R & D CENTRE FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (FORDA) MINISTRY OF FORESTRY INDONESIA 2011 MINISTRY OF FORESTRY OF INDONESIA IN COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology by : Atok Subiakto, Erdy Santoso, Pratiwi, Erry Purnomo, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Bambang Wiyono, Eka Novriyanti, Sri Suharti, Maman Turjaman TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 4 Establishing of Demonstration Plot of Eaglewood (Gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology R & D CENTRE FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (FORDA) MINISTRY OF FORESTRY INDONESIA 2011 Authors : Atok Subiakto, Erdy Santoso, Pratiwi, Erry Purnomo, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Bambang Wiyono, Eka Novriyanti, Sri Suharti, Maman Turjaman Institution’s full name, address : R&D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation; Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia; e-mail : [email protected] The place and date the report : Bogor, July 1, 2011. was issued Disclaimer : Copyright @ 2011 This Proceeding is a part of Program ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) : Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Gaharu (Gaharu) in Indonesia Published by : Indonesia’s Work Programme for 2011 ITTO PD425/06 Rev.1 (I) R&D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia Phone :62-251-8633234 Fax :62-251-8638111 E-mail : [email protected] ISBN : 978-979-3145-84-6 Cover by : Bintoro Project number : PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Host Government : Indonesia Name of the Executing : Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Dr. Ir. Maman Agency and Project Turjaman, DEA Coordinator Starting date of the project : May 1, 2008 Duration of the project : 36 months ii PREFACE This technical report entitles “Establishing of Demonstration Plot for Eaglewood (gaharu) Plantation and Inoculation Technology” contained the output that pertains to three activities, comprising (1) Establishing Demonstration Plots; (2) Data Collection and Conducting Financial Analysis on Eaglewood Plantation; (3) Assessing Socialization Results on Eaglewood Production Technology. These activities embody their implementation in the field in cooperation with several stakeholders, local authorities, and farmer groups in Banten and South Kalimantan. The cooperation approaches in the planting of eaglewood-yielding trees in the Banten province was done with the leader of farmer group abiding by the leader of Moslem worshipers there. Meanwhile, the approach with the forest-farmer group in Kandangan (South Kalimantan) was conducted by the Kandangan’s Regent and directly with the self-sufficiency community-group, who indeed have endeavored themselves since five years ago in the eaglewood planting and injection at that regency. Expectedly, this report would be beneficial to the decision makers and stakeholders who have developed eaglewood in Indonesia. Maman Turjaman Project Coordinator ITTO PD425/06 Rev.1 (I) R & D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation FORDA, the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia iii SUMMARY Gaharu is one of the reliable and superior trees, particularly for development of people plantation forest. R & D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation, with the support of Project of ITTO PD425/06 Rev.1 (I) prepared science and technology needed for the aspect of planting stocks production and fungi induction for gaharu stimulation. One of the objectives to perform gaharu development is to introduce gaharu- inoculation technology to gaharu farmers who reside in the vicinity of forests, and also to other stakeholders. This project provided two demonstration-plots regarding the planting of gaharu-yielding tree seeds in cooperation with the forest-farmer group, which in areas each reached 72 hectares in both locations (Banten and South Kalimantan Provinces). These demonstration-plots offered benefits to the stakeholders to conduct the conservation of gaharu trees in each region. In addition, those demonstration plots for inoculation technology covered more than 2,000 gaharu-yielding trees growing in Banten, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan Barat, Bali, Lombok, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, Maluku Provinces, and others. Those plots provided data and information regarding effectiveness consistency in gaharu development that resulted from induction as implemented on different species of gaharu-yielding trees. Especially for the location in Lombok, it required modification methods due to high-humidity condition there at the eaglewood-tree site, which were densely planted side by side with cacao trees. In the development of science and technology for gaharu planting stocks production, research had been conducted concerning the effect of storage duration on seed germination, which was related to the recalcitrant seed property. Research on gaharu cutting was also conducted to learn the ideal condition for gaharu propagation with cutting, in relation with program of gaharu clonal development. Duration and condition seed storage were influential on gaharu seed germination. Gaharu seed germination decreased from 82% in the initial germination to 42% after 8 weeks storage in room temperature condition. Storage of gaharu seed in refrigerator decreased germination percentage of seeds which had been stored for 8 weeks to 24%. Propagation by cutting on media comprising mixture of coconut rind powder and rice husk with ratio of 1:1, and twice a week watering, produced the best growth percentage of 69%. The increasing popularity of planting gaharu occurs in many part of of Indonesia Archipelagos leads to growing business of other related sectors such as seedlings supply, growing variety gaharu products (perfume, cosmetic, aroma therapeutic product, etc.). Nowadays gaharu is considered as prospective and strategic commodity which will create variety of others business sectors as in palm oil on agriculture industry. The financial analysis of gaharu plantation is presented in two planting schemes namely mono-culture and mix planting. Planting cost per Hectare of gaharu in monoculture at 3 x 3 and 4 x 4 meter spacing is Rp 12.452.000,- and Rp 8.460.500,- respectively. Planting cost per Hectare of gaharu in mix planting with palm oil at planting density of 278 trees per Ha is Rp 9.303.000,-. Planting cost per hectare of gaharu in mix planting with rubber trees at planting density of 1.112 trees per ha is Rp 14.068.000,-. Based on calculation and analysis, several recommendations can be presented as follow: (i) gaharu is one of main non timber forest product export commodities. Its cultivation development and its artificial production of gaharu are very prospective to be developed in Indonesia; (ii) several supporting factors on the success of its cultivation development and its artificial gaharu production mainly lie on the availability of potential v land for extensive gaharu cultivation, appropriate agro climate condition, cultivation technique which is relatively easy and has been well adopted by farmers, availability of necessary pathogen for gaharu inoculation and its demand that tends to increase with relatively high price; (iii) factors determining the success of gaharu business are inoculation technology, appropriateness/suitability between pathogen and tree species which is going to be inoculated and resistance of inoculated tree species; (iv) development of gaharu agribusiness at different stem diameter, (Ø ≥15 – ≤ 25 cm, Ø > 25 – ≤ 35 cm and Ø > 35 cm - 40 cm) and period of inoculation, would produce positive NPV, IRR much higher than interest rate on national market and B/C ratio > 1, therefore it is very feasible to be carried out; (v) In order to retain Indonesia as prominent gaharu production country, to increase export of non timber forest product commodity and to improve income of forest surrounding people, several efforts to induce development of gaharu production tree