Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(5): 2446-2449 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com Effect of IBA concentrations on rooting and JPP 2020; 9(5): 2446-2449 Received: 18-06-2020 growth of Ulmus wallichiana Planchon stem Accepted: 16-08-2020 cuttings under temperate conditions of Kashmir Ishrat Nazir Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- K, Jammu and Kashmir, India Ishrat Nazir, Vaishnu Dutt, Anup Raj, GM Bhat, Bilal Ahmad Bhat and Akhlaq Amin Wani Vaishnu Dutt Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-K, Jammu and DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i5ah.12711 Kashmir, India Abstract Anup Raj The present investigation entitled, “Effect of IBA concentrations on rooting and growth of Ulmus Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- wallichiana Planchon stem cuttings under Temperate conditions of Kashmir” was carried out at Faculty K, Jammu and Kashmir, India of Forestry SKUAST-K Benehama during the year 2018-19. In this research, in order to study the effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting and survival of Ulmus wallichiana cuttings, a study was GM Bhat conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of five Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- levels of hormones: 0 (control), 500ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm, 2000 ppm and 2500ppm of IBA. Results K, Jammu and Kashmir, India showed that highest rooting (15.00% and 5.37%) root length 10.62cm and 8.62cm were recorded for IBA concentrations of 2000ppm in the hardwood and softwood cuttings respectively. The maximum mean Bilal Ahmad Bhat Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST- length of shoot 8.12cm and 8.26cm were achieved in concentration of 2000ppm IBA in hardwood and K, Jammu and Kashmir, India softwood cuttings respectively. Further percentage 10.50% and 4.50% survival was recorded in hardwood and softwood cuttings at 2000ppm IBA treatments. Moreover, greatest sprouting 50.25% in Akhlaq Amin Wani hardwood and 9.75% in softwood was obtained in concentration of 2000ppm IBA, under open field Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- conditions. K, Jammu and Kashmir, India Keywords: IBA, stem cuttings, Ulmus wallichaina, propagation, rooting Introduction Ulmus wallichiana (Planchon) locally known as bren is one of the commonly grown broad leaved tree species in Kashmir Valley and is best known representative of family Ulmaceae and genus Ulmus. U. wallichiana is important traditional and endangered plant species of western Himalaya used for treatment of fractured bones in animals as well as human being. The Himalayan Elm grows to 30 m tall, with a broad crown featuring several ascending branches. The bark of the trunk is greyish brown and longitudinally furrowed. The leaves are elliptic-acuminate, less than 13 cm long and 6 cm broad. The samara are usually orbicular, less than 13 mm in diameter. Mostly flowers exist in a clusters form on branches and maximum flowering offers during March- April. (Melville and Heybroek 1971) [13]. A strong fibre is obtained from the inner bark. Plant is used for cordage, slow matches and sandals. Chemical investigation of U. wallichiana revealed flavonoids present in stem bark. In IUCN red list U. wallichiana falls in vulnerable category. However, U. wallichiana falls under critically endangered species in Pakistan as only 44 mature individuals were found in different parts of district Battagram. There are number of threats responsible for decrease in U. wallichiana number in western Himalayan which may include deforestation, over exploitation and climate changes. U. wallichiana has the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so an attempt should be made to conserve this important plant species with possible ant osteoporosis properties (Batool et al., 2014) [3]. In nature the Elm is propagated through seeds, however, seeds of Ulmus wallichiana are scarcely available for afforestation due to high incidence of empty seeds and low longevity. Zimmerman and Wilcoxon, (1935) [23] reported that Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) is a stable indole compound that was effective in the promotion of rooting [10] of cuttings of species on which IAA was not effective. Kanwar et al. (1996) tested one year old branches of twenty five year old trees under nursery conditions, under the effect of auxin, season and cuttings position for rooting potential of Ulmus lavigata. They reported that growth regulators enhance rooting in the cuttings of Ulmus lavigata. Amri et al. (2009) [1] studied that Corresponding Author: Ishrat Nazir IBA treated cuttings produced higher percentage rooting, number of roots and root length than Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST- untreated cuttings which revealed a strong IBA influence on rooting ability of stem cuttings in K, Jammu and Kashmir, India Dalbergia melanoxylon. Gangoo et al. (2007) [7] tested rooting hormone and found that it had ~ 2446 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry http://www.phytojournal.com improved the rooting percentage of the Buxus wallichiana (2500ppm IBA) with (4.75%) and T3 (1500ppm IBA) with hardwood cuttings. The results showed that the combination (4.50%). The rooting (4.45%) was noticed in T2 (1000ppm of IBA and NAA gave best rooting percentage as compared to IBA) treatment. The least rooting (2.50%) was noticed in T6 individual doses of 500 and 1000 ppm and observed that the (control) being closely preceded by T1 (500ppm IBA) with increase sole doses of IBA and NAA did not show the 3.32% rooting (Table 4). positive effect on rooting percentage. Aslam et al. (2007) [2] The data presented in table 1 and 2 showed that survival per revealed that in Taxus baccata IBA 500ppm (out of the three cent of hard wood cuttings was significantly influenced by auxins IAA, IBA and NAA) performed best regarding rooting IBA formulation. The IBA formulation of T4 (2000ppm IBA) of cuttings (76.66%), while control resulted in minimum resulted in highest survival (10.50%) which was, however, rooting of 8 per cent only. Lower concentrations (500ppm) of closely followed by T5 (2500ppm IBA) with (10.25%) and T3 all the three auxins were found to be better than their higher (1500ppm IBA) with (9.50%). The survival (9.37%) was concentrations. Considering the positive influence of IBA on noticed in T2 (1000ppm IBA) formulation. The least survival rooting, in the present study, the effect of different (2.50%) was noticed in T6 (control). Whereas in softwood concentrations of IBA on rooting and survival of Ulmus cuttings, IBA formulation of T4 (2000ppm IBA) resulted wallichiana hardwood and softwood stem cuttings were highest survival (4.50%) which was however, closely studied). followed by T5 (2500ppm IBA) with (4.00%) and T3 (1500ppm IBA) with (3.97%). The survival (3.55%) was Materials and Methods noticed in T2 (1000ppm IBA) treatment. The least survival This experiment was performed in open field conditions at (2.50%) was noticed in T6 (control) being closely preceded Faculty of Forestry; Benhama SKUAST-Kashmir in 2019.The by T1 (500ppm IBA) with (3.28%). experiment was performed as randomized complete block The data presented in table 1 and 2 resulted that IBA design, with four replications. The treatments included five formulations had exerted a significant influence on shoot concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and length of hardwood cuttings. Significantly maximum shoot 2500ppm). Softwood cuttings were taken from new shoot tips length (8.12cm) was observed when the cuttings were treated in July whereas hardwood cuttings were taken in February with T4 (2000ppm IBA) formulation. This was however, from one year old shoot before new growth starts in spring. closely followed by T5 (2500ppm IBA) with (7.65cm) and T3 Bottom of the cuttings were treated with hormone of IBA at (1500ppm IBA) with (6.62cm) and T2 (1000ppm IBA) with different concentrations, for 1 minute in each concentration, (6.25cm). The least shoot length (3.75cm) was recorded in T6 and then cuttings were planted in open field. After one week (control). As far as softwood cuttings is concerned, the IBA sampling was done and the interest traits were measured. formulation of T4 (2000ppm IBA) resulted highest shoot There traits include the percentage of rooting, root length, length (8.26cm) which was however, closely followed by T5 shoot length, leaf area and survival percentage. To prevent (2500ppm IBA) with (6.12cm) and T3 (1500ppm IBA) and T2 fungal infection, cuttings were dipped in 1 per cent captan and (1000ppm IBA) with (5.00cm) was recorded. The least root 1 per cent sucrose prior to planting. The data collected in the length (2.50cm) was noticed in T6 (control) being closely field was analyzed using SPSS software. preceded by T1 (500ppm IBA) with (3.75cm). The data given in table 1 showed that root length of hard Results and Discussion wood cuttings was significantly influenced by IBA- The data represented in table 1 revealed that, IBA formulation formulation. The IBA formulation T4 (2000ppm IBA) resulted had exerted a significant influence on sprouting per cent. highest root length (10.62cm) however, closely followed by Maximum sprouting (50.25%) was observed when the T5 (2500ppm IBA) with (9.87cm) whereas T3 (1500ppm cuttings were treated with T4 (2000ppm IBA) formulation. IBA), T2 (1000ppm IBA) and T1 (500ppm IBA) were at par This was however, closely followed by T5 (2500ppm IBA) with each other. The least root length (2.50cm) was noticed in with (40.00%) and T3 (1500ppm IBA) with (39.00%) and T2 T6 (control). Whereas softwood cuttings is concerned (Table (2000ppm IBA) with (36.25%). The least per cent sprouting 2), the IBA formulation T4 (2000ppm) resulted highest root (30.00%) was recorded in T6 (control). while in softwood length (8.62cm) which was however, closely followed by T5 cuttings (Table 2), IBA formulations had exerted a significant (2500ppm IBA) with (8.50cm) and T3 (1500ppm IBA) with influence on per cent sprouting.