>A !>'. .'*'' Q) >?y ITALIAN WOOD -EN GRAVING IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY Art library A 1 U(^H^ Preface The book now offered to the consideration of English readers has developed out of a series of articles jvhich appeared oi^iginally in the '^Jahrbuch der K. Preussischeji Kunstsammlungen", and iifere afterwards published in a separate issue of a hundred copies. The grojving interest in all branches of old Italian art among English readers on both sides of the Atlantic, has induced me to revise and ifnprove the substance of those articles, and to publish it in an English form. The text is not only corrected, but is also considerably enlarged; and the number of illustrations is proportionately augmented. Tlie work may therefore be regar- ded as in some degree a new one. For the attainment of this result, I have to express mj thanks to Mr. Bermard Qiiaritch, whose ready- co-operation was a stimulus to the exertion of preparing my la- bours for the press; and to another friendly collaborator whose aid was cordially afforded in the task of converting the book from a German into an English one. THE AUTHOR. Berlin; March, i 124i^828 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Fable of the Hydra and the Frogs. From Tuppo's iEsop, Naples, 1485 . 17 St. Jacopone and the Madonna. From the Laudi of Jacopone da Todi, Florence, 149 1 23 The Saviour in the Mandorla. From the Monte Santo di Dio, Florence, 1491 27 The Physician. From the Giuoco degli Scacchi, Florence, 1493 .... 29 The Virgin, with the Child and the little St. John. Reduced facsimile from the leaf in the Kunsthalle at Hamburg 37 Woodcut from the title-page of Savonarola's Semplicita della Vita Christiana, Florence, 1496 42 Christ and the Samaritan Woman. From the Epistole et Evangelii, Florence, 1495 43 The Presentation in the Temple. From the Epistole et Evangelii ... 44 Retreat of the three Nymphs. From the Quadriregio, Florence, 1508 . 48 The Lovers. From the Quadriregio 49 Scene from the Rappresentazione of St. Apollonia 51 From the Rappresentazione of Agnolo Hebreo 52 From the Novella la Viola 53 Woodcut from Valturio de Re Militari, Verona, 1472 58 Fable of the Daw, from the ^sop of Verona, 1479 ^ Fable of the Ass and the Lapdog, from the same iEsop 61 Head of a man. From the Repetitio tit. de heredibus, of Johannes Crispus, 1490, Venice 69 View of Florence. From the Supplementum Chronicarum, i486, Venice . 72 View of Florence. From the Supplementum Chronicarum, 1490, Venice . 73 View of Rome. From the Supplementum Chronicarum, 1490, Venice . 74 Allegorical figure. From the Decrctalia, 1481, Venice 76 ~~ Triumph of Chastity. From the Petrarca, 1488, Venice X Page Fable of the Fly and the Ant. From the Esopo vulgare, 1487, Venice . 80 Scourging of Christ. From the Devote Meditationi, 1489, Venice. ... 81 Two Vignette designs, from the Italian Bible of Malermi, 141(0, Venice . 84 Two other Vignettes, from the same Bible 85 Design to the eighth canto of the Inferno. From the Dante, March 1491, Venice 86 Design to the eighth canto of the Inferno. From the Dante, November 1491, Venice 87 The author presenting his book. From Masuccio's Novellino, 1492, Venice 91 Scene from the Terence of 1497, Venice 92 Theseus and the Minotaur. From the Plutarch, 1491, Venice 95 The Mouse and the Frog. From the ;Esop, 1491, Venice 97 The Triumph of Fame. From the Petrarca, 1492, Venice 101 San Lorenzo Justiniano. Doctrina della vita monastica, 1494, Venice . 105 Apollo and Marsyas. From the Ovidio, 1497, Venice 107 Woodcut from the Missale Romanum, 1509, Venice 117 Woodcut from the Poliphilo of 1499, Venice 121 Another woodcut, from the same 123 Printer's mark of Tacuino de Tridino, 1306, Venice 127 Portrait of Paulus Florentinus. Breviarium juris canonici, Milan, 1479 . 137 Triumph of Time. From the Petrarca, 1494, Milan 139 St. Jerome. From Vivaldus de veritate contricionis, 1493, Saluzzo . 145 Portrait of Louis II, Marquis of Saluzzo. From Vivaldus, Opus Regale, 1507, Saluzzo 149 Portrait of Ercole d'Este I. From the funeral oration by F. Niger, Ferrara, 1505 '55 Cassandra Fideli. From Bergomensis de claris Mulieribus, 1497, Ferrara 136 Paula Gonzaga. From the same work 157 Madonna and Child. Fragment of a woodcut in the Berlin Print-room . 159 Miracle of St. Martha. In the collection of Baron Edmond de Rothschild 163 Ecce Homo. Milanese woodcut, 13 th century 167 Christ bearing the Cross. Milanese woodcut, 13th century 171 St. Jerome the Hermit. Woodcut by I. B. 173 XI Page Section, full-size, of a unique large woodcut view of Florence (separate Pl<^i^) 32— 33 facsimile the Reduced of entire woodcut (separate plate) 32— 33 The Man stricken with Plague. From Ketham's Fasciculo de Medicina, 1493, Venice (separate plate) 96— 97 12 Istoria Romana. Large woodcut by Jacob of Strassburg (separate plate) 1 — 1 13 Portion of a large view of Venice, believed to be by Jacopo de Barbari (separate plate) 128— 129 Conversion of Mary Magdalen, from the Tesauro Spirituale, 1499, Milan (separate plate) 144— 143 The Madonna with the infant Saviour. From a woodcut in the Berlin Print-room (separate plate) 164— 165 Portrait of a beardless man. From a Milanese woodcut in the Berlin Print-room (Phototype) 170— 171 INDEX OF NAMES, BOOKS AND PRINTS Actseon's Metamorphosis, woodcut, Ardizoni fSimone di) artist at Mantua LB. 177. and Verona. 108. jEsop's Fables, early impressions in Ariosto, Orlando, 15C6, Venice. 109. various countries. 45. Arrigoni's Loretto woodcut. 160. blockbook. — , Accio Zucco, 1479, Verona. 59. Ars Moriendi, the German 40. , facsimiles from. Go, 61. — of Caprahica, printed at Florence. 41. — of Savonarola. , 1485, Naples. 14. 39. AudifFredi, Italicae. , 1487, Venice. 79, 98. Editiones 24. — , facsimile from. 80. , 1491, Venice. 98. 13 (b) artist's mark. 125, 132, 135. , 1493, Aquila. 16. — , Dante, 1491, Venice. 88. , Florence, 1495. 45. — , Livio, 1493, Venice. 93. , 1498, Milan. 144. — Terence, 1497, Venice. 92. — , life of, translated byTuppo, 1491-92, Baldini fBaccio). 19, 20, 99. Venice. 98. Ballatette del magn. Lorenzo, etc. 50. Agnolo Hebreo, rappresentazione. 52. Barbari (Jacopo de) artist at Venice. 1 26. Aldine press at Venice. 82. —, identical with J.Walch. 56, 1 12, 126. , 128. — , Poliphilo. 122. — in the Netherlands. Alfragani Astronomia, 1493, Ferrara. 153. — , View of Venice. 129, 166. AltdorfFer (Albrecht). 82. — , summoned to Nuremberg. 128,130. Aluise (Gioanni) e compagni, printers — , Battle of Men and Satyrs. 131. in 1479 at Verona. 59. — , Triumph of Cupid with the money- — , see Johannes ex Verona. bag. 131. A.M. monogram. 177. —, Poliphilo. 133. Ancona (Aless. d') Rappresentazioni. 54. —, Malermi Bible. 133. — , Origini del Teatro. 54. — , Ovid of 1497. 135. Antonio di Monza. 5. — , Ketham. 135. Apollonia, Rappresentazione. 51. Barberiis (Philippus de) Opuscula. 12,13. Apollo and Daphne, by I. B. 174. Barberino (Jacop) identical with Jacopo Apuleii Herbarium, Rome. 12. de Barbari or Jacob Walch. 128. Aquila di Napoli — printing at. 16. Bartsch, Peintre-Graveur. 35. Arbor Consanguinitatis — in Crispus. — , Kupferstichsammlung in Wien. 131. 69, 100. —, Maitre au Caducee. 134. XIV Battle of Men and Satyrs, woodcut. 131. Botticello (Sandro) Dante illustrations. Beaufort (Andreas Gallus) printer at 20, 88. Ferrara. 153. — , Poliphilo ascribed to. 125. Beham (Hans Sebald). 82. Brant (Sebastian) editor of Terence. 93. Belcari (Fee) Rappresentazioni. 51. Brebiani (G.) — see Pacifko. 137. Bellini (the elder). 08. Breydenbach, Peregrinationes, 148G, — (Gentile) designs. 57, 103, 104, loG. Mentz. 33. , — , Poliphilo ascribed to. 125. Briefdrucker and Briefmaler. 2, 10, iGi. Benalis (Bernardinus de) printer at Brothers of Common Life. i. Venice. 70, 79, 83, 88. Brunet, Manuel du Libraire. 42, 49. Bergomensis, Supplementum Chroni- Bucentoro, Venetian woodcut. 1G6. carum, 1483, Venice. 70. Buckinck (Arnold) printer at Rome. , 1485, Brescia. 70. 21, 7G. , i486, Venice. 32, 70. Buonaccorsi (Francesco di Dino) printer , 1490. 32, 71. at Florence. 24, 39, 45. — , de Claris Mulieribus, Ferrara, 1497. Burgkmair (Hans). 70. '53- Berlin Print -room — Italian single v^alandri (Philippus) de Arithmetica, woodcuts in. 158- -174. 1 49 1, Florence. 28. Berlinghicri, Geographia. 21. Campe, Reliquien. 130. Bcsicken (Joannes) printer at Rome. 13. Campo Santo frescoes. 25. Bettini (Antonio) Monte Santo. 19, 25. Canzone per andar in Maschera (before Bible — Cologne German version, 1480. 1500), Florence. 50. 85. Capranica (Domen.) Arte del ben Mo- — , Koburger's Nuremberg, 1483. 85. rire. 41. — Biblia Hehraica, 1488, Soncino. 15. Carnerio (Agostino) printer at Ferrara. — Italian version of Malermi, 1490, 63- Venice. 83, 125. Carpi (Ugo da) improver of chiaroscuro. , facsimiles from. 84, 85. G9, 13G. bMo mark. 125, 127. Castellano de Castellani (Pierozo). 51. Boccaccio, Decameron, frequently Castilioneus (Zanotus) printer at Milan. printed at Venice and Florence. 46. 151. —, 1492, Venice, Gregorius. 90. Cavalca (Dom.) Spechio di Croce. 24. — , Philocopo, 1472, Florence. 26. Cennini (Bernardo) printer at F'lorence. Bonaventura (St.) Meditationes. 83. 19. — , Devote Meditazioni, 1489, Venice. 82. Cesariano (Cesare) artist at Como or , facsimile from. 81. Milan. 151. — , Tesauro Spirituale, 1499. 143, 169. Cessoli — see Jacopo. Bonino de Bonini, printer at Brescia, Chiaroscuro printing, (yj^ 68, 136. Venice, etc. 87. Chiromantia, 148 1, Rome. 12. Bonsignore (Giovanni di). loG. Christ bearing the Cross, Milanese wood- Border ornamentation in Venetian cut. 169. books. 94. — , facsimile. 171. Botticello (Sandro) designs. 29, 35, 54. — , Crucifixion. 165, 177. XV Christ and the Samaritan woman — a Dresden Royal Collection, woodcuts Florentine woodcut, facsimile. 43. in. 115. Christopher (St.) woodcut in Missale Diirer (Albert). 3. Cartusiense. 154. — , designs copied at Venice. 56. Cicero, Subiaco, 1465. 4. — , Journal in the Netherlands. 126. — , Epistola; ad familiares, 1469, Venice, — , Proportionslehre. 128. 63. — , Letter to Pirkheimer. 130. Cicogna, Iscrizioni Veneziane. 129. Circis (Jac. de) printer at Saluzzo. 147. bcce Homo, Milanese woodcut. 170. Claudin (A.) Imprimerie a Albi. 22.