T ~ SH ~ ~ 207 ICLARM Technical Reports'19 - TR4 #19 c.1 I ,Bivalve Mollusc Culture, ,-I.. I . Research in Thail"and i} I Edited by " ~, E.W. McCoy . ~. Tanittha Chongpeepien , /I I l- \ .6' r\.~/ .' "" " ,' " - r, " . ",," t ~ , ~ "'! r---1 e.~!'-"~ f - .. ~ " - ~~~, ~k~!!. ~~~~'~f~~t\ ~, Department of International Center for Living ~che Gesellschaft fOrTechnische Fisheries, Thailand Aquatic Resources Management Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Bivalve Mollusc Culture Research in Thailand Edited by E.W. McCoy '5 and An account of research conducted under the project: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR APPLIED RESEARCH ON COASTAL AQUACULTURE A cooperative Project of the Department of Fisheries, Royal Kingdom of Thailand; the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM); and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES BANGKOK, THAILAND INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TECHNISCHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GTZ) GmbH ESCHBORN, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Bivalve mollusc culture research in Thailand Edited by E.W. McCoy TANITTHACHONGPEEPIEN Published jointly by the Department of Fisheries, Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines; and Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), GmbH, Postfach 5180, D-6236 Eschborn 1 be; FrankfurVMain, Federal Republic of Germany. Printed in Manila, Philippines McCoy, E.W. and T. Chongpeepien, Editors. 1988. Bivalve mollusc culture research in Thailand. ICLARM Technical Reports 19, 170 p. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand; International Center for Livirig Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines; and Deutsche Gesellschaft filr Technische Zusarnmenarbeit (GTZ), GmbH, Eschborn, Federal Republic of Germany. ISSN 01 15-5547 ISBN 971 -1022-43-5 Cover: Steaming green mussels, Petchaburi, Thailand Photo by Ronald Ventilla. ICLARM Contribution No. 455. Contents Forewords .............................................. v Preface I.R. Smith and R. S. V. Pullin .............................. viii Introduction. ................................................ ix Acknowledgements.. ........................................ xi Aspects of Mussel Culture in Thailand. ............................. xii Aspects of Oyster Culture in Thailand. ............................. xiii Economically Important Molluscan Shellfish of Thailand .................. 1 Sabaithip Amornjaruchit. Translated by Tanittha Chongpeepien and E.W. McCoy. Hatchery Techniques for Tropical Bivalve Molluscs ..................... 19 Songchai Sahavatcharint, Arunee Chindanond, Sabaithip Amornjaruchit, Jintana Nugranad, Khom Silapacharl, Vichit Chawivanskorn, Suttino Limsurat, Sompong Klangnarong, C.L. Angell, E.W. McCoy, Kosol Mutarasint and Manu Potaros. Translated by Tanittha Chongpeepien and E.W. McCoy Oyster Culture in Thailand ..................................... 31 Pairoj Brohmanonda, Kosol Mutarasint, Tanittha Chongpeepien and Sabaithip Amornjaruchit. A Bioeconomic Longitudinal Processing and Marketing Study of Green Mussel in Thailand. ................................ 40 E.W.McCoy, S. Tuaycharoen, J.M. Vakily and P. Boonchuwong. Procedures for Standardizing Bioeconomic Data on the Various Products from Green Mussels in Thailand. .................................70 J.M. Vakily, Sunan Tuaycharoen and E.W. McCoy. Transplantation of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) in Thailand, 1979-1981 ....... 80 Pairoj Brohmanonda, Kosol Mutarasint, Somchat Sukwongse and Naris Thanakumcheep. Translated by Kosol Mutarasint. Growth and Maturation of the Green Mussel (Perna viridis) in Thailand. ....... 88 Sunan Tuaycharoen, J.M. Vakily, Agaluk Saelow and E.W. McCoy. QI N Growth, Mortality and Transportation Studies on Transplanted Cockles (Fam. Arcidae) in Nakhon Bay, Thailand, ....................... 102 E Yudh Hansopa, Kwanruethai Thanormkiat, Songsit Limsakul, Yajai Charoenvittayakul, Tanittha Chongpeepien, Chaat Mongkolmann and Sunan Tuaycharoen. Transplantation of Cockles (Fani. Arcidae) into Sawi Bay, Thailand. .......... 109 Thavorn Thamasavate, Khom Silapajarn, Jintana Nugranad, Wirach Pattharapinyo, Chanin Sangrungruang, Suttino Limsurat and Somchai Yangponlakan. Translated by Tanittha Chongpeepien and E.W. McCoy. Annexes 1. Unpublished Reports and Theses Produced during the Project. ........ 113 2. Project-Related Publications and Reports on Mollusc Research in Thailand. ........................................... 11 6 3. Research Projects on Molluscs Conducted by personnel of the Brackishwater Fisheries Division, Thailand Department of Fisheries, from 1976 to 1985. ...................................... 120 4. Trace Metals in Bivalve Molluscs from Thailand. Phillips, D.J.H. and K. Mutarasin. 1985. Reprinted from Mar. Environ. Res. 15:215-234 ...... 128 5. Analysis of Length and Weight Characteristics of the Green Mussel Perna viridis from Thailand. Vakily, J.M., S. Tuaycharoen and J. Nugranad. 1988. Reprinted from Asian Fish. Sci. 1:I 65-1 74 ......... 148 6. Commercial Cockle Farming in Southern Thailand. Reprinted from Siri Tookwinas. 1983. ICLARM Translations 7, 13 p. E.W. McCoy, translator. 1985 ............................................... 156 Forewords Fishing and aquaculture production are very important to the economy of Thailand. As the natural resources are becoming depleted, the Department of Fishe.ries has initiated a program of replacement utilizing cultured species. Molluscs are a very important part of aquaculture planning. The research assistance provided by ICLARM has been particularly useful in focusing attention on the constraints to development in mollusc culture. Mr. Vanlch Varikul Dlrector General Department of Fisheries The Department of Fisheries has research, development and extension responsibility. The Department attempts to develop and extend applied methods of culture, product handling and marketing to the private sector. The mollusc culture Project has integrated all of these aspects, with concentration on shellfish. The Department of Fisheries has incorporated the concept into a series of centers for combined effort on specific products. Dr. Plodprasop Suraswadi Deautv Director General ~ebelo~rnentDirectorate Department of Fisheries New product development and product quality are crucial in expanding demand for fisheries products. The Project has incorporated these aspects within the biological and economic framework. A series of new forms of mollusc products have been developed by the Department of Fisheries and particular attention is given to product preservation. Applied research, as illustrated by the Project, must give consideration to suitability for local Ms. Bung-Om Saisithi Deputy Director General conditions. The long-term nature of the research assistance has Technology Directorate allowed this consideration. Department of Fisheries C As the economy and population of Thailand expand, the task of the Department of Fisheries becomes more complex. Land and freshwater become increasingly valuable for multiple purpose use. The marine and coastal waters may become the most suitable locations for aquaculture expansion. As data from the mollusc culture Project indicate, the same conflicts car? arise in the coastal zone if careful advance planning is not performed. Mr. Urubhan Boonprakop Deputy Director General Administrative/ Marine Directorate Department of Fisheries The Brackishwater Fisheries Division has responsibility for development of coastal aquatic resources. The Division has instituted a special section devoted to shellfish research and development. Project assistance has provided technical staff training and allowed Division staff to interrelate with senior scientists from ICLARM on a day-to-day basis. The staff thus have gained the capability to produce high-level applied research which - will continue beyond the termination-of the project. Mr. Pairoj Brohrnanonda Proiect Director ~rackishwaierFisheries Division The operating units of the Depariment of Fisheries must respond to current problems and plan information collection to respond to problems that may arise in the future. The decision to expand mollusc culture in the coastal zone was made a matter of governmental policy. Implementation of the policy is the responsibility of the Brackishwater Fisheries Division. Appraisal of the feasibility of the various means of implementation is the Kosol Mutarasint responsibility of the Planning and Policy Division. The mollusc Chief culture Project was conducted within both Divisions. The technical, Coastal Investigation Section biological and economic feasibility of each system was carefully Brackishwater Fisheries appraised. The Co-Project Leaders interrelated with each other and Division with Project staff to assist the Project Director in assuring beneficial results to the people of Thailand. Manu Potaros Chief Research Section Brackishwater Fisheries Division Sornying Reintrairut Chid Fisheries Economics Section Department of Fisheries Other Senior Personnel of the Department of Fisheries, Thailand, Who Took Part in the Project Dr. Anant Saraya Ms. Tanittha Chongpeepien Dr. Yont Musig Ms. Yaiai Ms. Vanlda Anarnan Mr. Yudh Hansopa Charoenvittayakul Ms. Sunan Tuaycharoen Ms. Sabaithip Ms. Kwanruethai Ms. Arunee Chindanond Amornjaruchit Thanorrnklat Mr. Songchai Mr. Khom Silapajarn Mr. Kachornsak Mr. Pongpat Sahavacharin Wetchagarun Boonchuwong Ms.