A Planner’s Guide for Oak Woodlands Second Edition Edited by Gregory A. Giusti Douglas D. McCreary Richard B. Standiford Publication 3491 A Planner’s Guide for Oak Woodlands Second Edition Edited by Gregory A. Giusti Douglas D. McCreary Richard B. Standiford Publication 3491 To order or obtain ANR publications and other products, visit the ANR Communication Services online catalog at http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/ or phone 1-800-994-8849. 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Inquiries regarding the University’s equal employment opportunity policies may be directed to: Affirmative Action Contact and Title IX Officer, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2801 Second Street, Davis, CA 95618, (530) 750-1397. Email: [email protected]. Website: http://ucanr.edu/sites/anrstaff/Diversity/Affirmative_Action/. web-11/18-SB/WS iii Contents Contributing Authors ................................................................................................ iv Preface ...................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ vi 1. Planning’s Role in Oak Woodland Conservation ................................................... 1 Gregory A. Giusti, Douglas D. McCreary, and Richard B. Standiford 2. The Biology of Oak Resources ............................................................................... 8 Douglas D. McCreary and Brice A. McPherson 3. Oak Woodlands as Wildlife Habitat ...................................................................... 15 William Tietje, Kathryn Purcell, and Sabrina Drill 4. Watershed Management in Oak Woodlands .......................................................... 32 Royce Larsen, David Lewis, and Yana Valachovic 5. Regional Planning as a Strategy to Address Conservation Goals ............................ 39 Thomas Scott and Gregory A. Giusti 6. Planning Options for Oak Conservation ............................................................... 47 Gregory A. Giusti, Abe Leider, Joan Vilms, and Julia Fetherstone 7. Mapping Resources and Modeling Risk for Improved Land-use Planning ............. 78 Adina Merenlender, Colin Brooks, Bob Johnston, Shawn Saving, Greg Greenwood, Andrea Mackenzie, and Gregory A. Giusti 8. Oak and Oak Woodland Ordinances .................................................................... 88 Ted Swiecki and Douglas D. McCreary 9. California’s Hardwood Rangelands: Production and Conservation Values ............. 98 Richard B. Standiford and Sheila Barry Glossary .................................................................................................................... 109 Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 113 iv Contributing Authors Sheila Barry, University of California Cooperative Extension, San Francisco Bay Area Counties Colin Brooks, University of California Cooperative Extension, Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program (IHRMP) Sabrina Drill, University of California Cooperative Extension, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties Julia Fetherstone, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Gregory A. Giusti, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Greg Greenwood, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Bob Johnston, University of California, Davis, Information Center for the Environment Royce Larsen, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP David Lewis, University of California Cooperative Extension, Sonoma County Abe Leider, County of Santa Barbara Planning and Development Andrea Mackenzie, Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District Adina Merenlender, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Douglas D. McCreary, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Brice A. McPherson, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Kathryn Purcell, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Shawn Saving, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Thomas Scott,University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Richard B. Standiford, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Ted Swiecki, Phytosphere Research William Tietje, University of California Cooperative Extension, IHRMP Yana Valachovic, University of California Cooperative Extension, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties Joan Vilms, Consulting Planner, Sonoma County Photo Credits Jack Kelly Clark: page vi; 1; 13; 27; 29; 32; 34; 36; 44; 47; 49; 51; 66; 73; 85; 89; 93. E. Lee Fitzhugh: 19. Gregory A. Giusti: cover; 24; 57; 63; 90; 95. W. Paul Gorenzel:15. Las Pilitas Nursery (used with permission of laspilitas.com): 1; 8; 39; 67; 88; 98. Douglas D. McCreary: 6. Ron Mumme: 69. Ted Swieki: 74; 78. v Preface Visitors and residents alike identify California’s natural diversity by the majestic views of the seashore, the cathedral-like stands of redwoods, the vastness of the deserts, and the expanse and beauty of its native oak woodlands. It is these oak woodlands that have attracted settlers prior to, and since, European colonization. Even today, as urban centers expand, people are attracted to live amongst the oaks. It is this continued encroachment into California’s oak woodlands that has given rise to this document. The words we wrote in the first edition of A Planner’s Guide to Oak Woodlands in 1992 still ring true today. The encroachment into oak woodlands addressed at the time of the first edition has not stopped, and in some cases it has continued at an alarming rate. As more development occurs in the oak woodlands, planners, consultants, landscape architects, and the concerned public are asking questions that must be answered with some degree of scientific certainty. Oak woodlands are as much a natural ecotype as are the redwoods, the deserts, and the ocean. This expansive forest type covers hundreds of square miles of California and is home to hundreds of resident and migratory species of plants, insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds, and mammals. As concern grows over continued and future listings of species under the Endangered Species Act, professional planners must have access to science-based information from which to make their decisions. The second edition of A Planner’s Guide for Oak Woodlands is designed for the professional planner or consultant who has a working knowledge of the planning process. This publication cannot replace experience, wisdom (applied knowledge), or common sense. It can only provide information that can be useful in making a judgment