ETUEMENT FAf^ ^Asr ''l»H^,_iK.:,5fP'*i«i'^,iiSr- Beta ISorit iDtatt CoIIesc of l^griculture St Cornell HBnthersitp 3tbaca, B. £. Cornell University Library JV 241.S6 European settlements in the Far East; Chi 3 1924 014 072 791 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014072791 EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE FAR EAST European Settlements IN THE Far East CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-CHINA, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, MALAY STATES, SIAM, NETHERLANDS INDIA, BORNEO, THE PHILIPPINES, ETC. WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY LIMITED Sit. SBunfitan'jfi Igoufie Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. 1900 LONDON: FBIKTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LISOTED, STAUFOKD STREET AND CHABIKG CB068. " PREFATORY NOTE The frequent occurrence in the Press, on both sides of the Atlantic, of the phrases " Spheres of Influence and " The Open Door ; " the great prominence given to the Far East, both politically and commercially, and the important part it seems destined to play in European politics in the near future, lead the com- piler to believe that this brief account of the European Settlements in the Far East will not be without interest to the political student, the merchant, and the public generally. It is also hoped that it will be of value to the ever- increasing army of travellers as a guide-book to many places which, although they lie out of the ordinary route, will well repay a visit. D. W. S. HoNO Kong, April, 1900. CONTENTS PAGE EASTERN SIBERIA 1 Vladivostook 3 NiCOLAJEWSK 5 JAPAN 7 Tokyo 21 Yokohama 25 Hakodate . 28 Osaka 29 Kobe-Hyogo 30 Nagasaki . 33 Formosa 35 Tamsui and Kelung 38 Tainan-pu, Takow, and Anpino 39 COREA ^41 Seocl 46 Chemulpo 48 WoNSAN (Gensan ok Yuenban) 49 FOSAN 51 MoKFO 52 Chinnampo 52 PmQYANG 53 EUNSAN . 53 Song Chin 54 CHINA 57 VUl CONTENTS PAGE Pekinq 71 Tientsin • 7* Taku ... 78 Pei-tai-ho 79 Newohwang .... 82 Talienwan 83 Port Arthde 83 Chefoo 84 Wei-hai-wbi 86 KlAOOHAU 87 Shanghai 88 SOOOHOW . 126 Ohinkiang 128 Nanking 129 WuHU 131 Kbwkiang 133 Hankow 134 YooHow .... 136 Shasi 139 Ichang 140 Chdnokins ... HI Hangohow .... 143 NiNGPO 145 WfiNOHOW 147 Bantu (Pdninq-pu) 148 FoooHow 149 Amot 152 SWATOW 154 Canton 15S Whampoa 160 Chinese Kowloon New Customs 161 Lappa 16i CONTENTS IX PAGE Samshdi 162 Wdchow-fc 162 KWANGCHAtrWAN 166 Pakhoi 167 HoiHow (vs Hainan) 168 LUNGCHOW . 170 MfiNGTSZ 171 HoKow 172 SZEMAO . 173 HONGKONG 175 MACAO 213 INDO-CHINA 219 Tonkin 224 Hanoi 225 Haiphong 226 Annam . 228 Hue 228 Pbovinces de l'Annam: Toitkane 229 Quinhon 231 Cochin-China . 231 Saigon 234 Cholon 235 Cambodia 236 SIAM 239 Bangkok 243 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS .....' 247 Singapore 250 Malacca .... 259 Penanq 261 JOHOBE 265 Fedeeated Malay States 267 X CONTENTS rAGB PAHANa 267 The Negri Seubilan 269 Sblanoob 270 Ferae 273 NETHERLANDS INDIA 277 Batavia . 290 buitbnzoeo 292 soerabaia 293 Semabano 294 Fadang 294 Maoassee 295 The East Coast op Sumatea 295 THE PHILIFPINES 299 Manila 307 Iloilo 311 Cebc 313 BORNEO 315 Sarawak 318 Beitisb Noeth Borneo 319 LAsrAN 322 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO FACE PAGE Shanghai Frontispiece Tokyo 16 Tokyo. Uyeno Park 22 Yokohama 24 Yokohama .... 26 Hakodate 23 Osaka 30 Kobe. The Bund 32 Nagasaki Harbour 34 Peking 72 Tientsin ... 74 KlAOCHAU 88 Shanghai. The Bond 104 Hankow ... 134 Hangohow 144 FoocHow ... 150 Amoy. Kulangsu 152 SWATOW 154 Canton. Flower Boats 156 Marble Bock. West Biyeb 156 Hongkong (Central) 178 Hongkong. Kowloon Peninsula 192 Hongkong Harbour 192 Macao 216 xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ; PAGB 226 Hanoi 226 Haiphong 250 Singapore. The Esplanade 256 SiNGAPOBB. Johnson's Piee Malacca ,.'... 260 JOHOBE 260 Pbnang 264 Labuan 276 Thaipeno 276 Batatia 290 Chief Street in Sbmabang 294 Manila 308 Iloilo 312 Cbbu 312 Map illustkating "European Settlements dj the Far Bast" EASTEKN SIBERIA — EASTEEN SIBEEIA VLADIVOSTOCK This port, on some charts still called Port May, lies in latitude 43 deg. 7 min. N., and longitude 131 deg. 54 min. E., at the southern end of a long peninsuLi reaching into Peter the Great Bay. Of the ports in East Siberia it is by far the most important, both as a military and commercial centre. It is a free port except that duties have to be paid on the following articles : Alcoholic liquors, tobacco, matches, kerosine oil, var- nishes, sugar, leaf tea, and sweetmeats. Vladivostock is one of the most magnificent harbours in the East. From its peculiar long and narrow shape, and the once supposed hidden treasures in the slightly auriferous soil of its surrounding hills, it has not inappropriately been called the Golden Horn. The entrances to the harbour are hidden by Dundas Island, which divides the fairway into two narrow passages. This fine sheet of water first runs for about half a mile in a northern direction, and then suddenly bends to the east for a distance of about one mile. On all sides it is sur- rounded by hills, low on the southern and higher on the northern shore, and which slope sharply down to the water's edge. These hills, once verdant with foliage, have been completely denuded of trees by reckless B 2 4 EASTERN SIBERIA felling. The harbour, capable of accommodating an almost unlimited number of vessels of deep draught and large < capacity, affords a safe anchorage. It is usually icebound in January and February, but steamers can almost always find their way in with the assistance of an ice-breaker. There is a floating dock capable of taking in vessels up to 3000 tons, and a fine graving dock was opened on the 13th October, 1897. The dimensions of this new dock are : —Length over all, 625 feet ; length at bottom, 555 feet ; breadth, 120 feet ; breadth at entrance, 90 feet ; depth, 30 feet. The port, the chief naval station of Kussia on the Pacific, is commanded by an Admiral appointed from home, and there is also a military Governor, residing at Vladivostock, who is in command of the forces spread over the South Ussuri district. The municipal affairs of the town are managed by a Mayor and Town Council elected by and from among the Eussian civil com- munity. The town is built on the southern slope of the hiUs running along the northern shore of the harbour, and handsome brick residences have been erected in recent years, replacing the older wooden structures. The entire area, with the exception of some unoccupied lots intervening here and there, is covered by buildings ; and the town is well laid out with wide but ill-kept roads. The sanitary arrange- ments are bad, though the town is fairly healthy. Most conspicuous among the buildings are the Govern- ment offices, the barracks, the railway station, the museum, the Eussian church, the Governor's residence and that of the Admiral commanding, which is sur- rounded by a Public Garden, while the houses of the more affluent merchants are well and substantially built. In the I'ublic Garden tlie naval band plays twice a week during the summer. There is a Naval Club, to which civilians are admitted as non-voting members, two or three hotels, a gymnasium or school for boys, an institute for girls, and military and naval hospitals. The town has a population of about 30,000, NICOLAJEWSK 5 most of whom are of European extraction. The retail trade is principally in the hands of Germans and Chinese, and the port is one of importance, British, German, and Japanese steamers doing most of the carrying trade, and the port is the terminus of the Eussian Volunteer Fleet. A large garrison is main- tained, and the total number of troops in Vladivostock and the neighbourhood is believed to amount to not much less than 100,000, but exact figures are not obtainable. In June, 1891, the Czarewitch cut the first sod of the Vladivostock section of the Siberian Kailway, which is now approaching completion. The railway extends to a distance of about 250 miles, the accommodation and service are very good, and the fares very reasonable. NICOLAJEWSK The port and settlement of Nicolajewsk, founded in 1851 by Admiral Nevelskoi, is situated on the river Amur, about 29 miles from its mouth. The Amur is here about nine miles in width, with a depth in mid- stream of eight to nine fathoms and a current of three to four knots, thoiigh the river is very shallow in parts, even in mid-stream. It is navigable for vessels of light draught for more than 2000 miles, and vessels of 12 feet draught can get up 600 miles. The town is built on a plateau 50 feet above the sea level, and gradually slopes down to the river to the eastward. The most conspicuous edifice is the Cathedral, round which the town is built. This structure is imposing in appearance, with a large west tower, having belfry and dome, but it is built of wood and is already showing signs of deterioration. At the back of the Cathedral is a large grass-grown square, two sides of which are occupied by Barracks, Governor's House, and Police Station. There are few substantial houses in the town. 6 EASTERN SIBERIA except those used as public buildings or stores, and the buildings are small and wholly built of wood. There is little trade except in fish, quantities of salmon being dried and cured here. Since the naval and military headquarters were transferred to Vladivostock the place has declined in importance.