CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS HANDBOOK Revised and Edited under the direction of the TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP of the CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE 5959 Shallowford Road, Suite 419 Chattanooga, Tennessee 37421 (423) 892-0137 www.cispi.org CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS HANDBOOK Copyright© 1967, 1972, 1976, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006 by the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. Twelfth Printing 2006 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 86-071884 PRICE: $50.00 PREFACE Publication of this edition has been sponsored by the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute to provide a reference handbook that fully meets the needs of those requiring information on the industry’s products. It was compiled and edited by the Technical Advisory Group of the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute, and the con- tent has benefited from the collaborative effort of its members and their expe- rience in the manufacture and application of cast iron soil pipe and fittings. This publication is subject to periodic revision, and the latest edition may be obtained from the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute. 50TH YEAR ANNIVERSARY 1949-1999 The year is 1949 . The minimum wage is increased from 40 to 70 cents per hour, the New York Yankees win the World Series, Billy Joel, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Watson, and Meryl Streep are born. Babe Ruth dies at age 53, Harvard Law School admits their first women, gold is $35 an ounce and a new house is $7,450 . and the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute is born. A group of 24 manufacturers of cast iron soil pipe and fittings meet at the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana. These pioneers identify the need to standardize product design to aid interchangeability of different manufacturers’ pipe and fittings, the need for distribution of product information to aid specifiers and designers, and the continuing educa- tion of specifiers, installers, and inspectors of the benefits of using cast iron soil pipe and fittings. These goals have been the focus of the Institute for over 50 years. Roosevelt Hotel New Orleans, Louisiana March 21, 1949 Alabama Pipe Co. Buffalo Pipe & Foundry Co. Anniston, Alabama Buffalo, New York Charles A. Hamilton Cameron Baird Phillip J. Faherty American Brass & Iron Foundry Oakland, California Central Foundry Co. Arnold Boscacci New York, New York J.J. Nolan, Jr. Paul Singleton Anniston Foundry Co. Harry Maasen Anniston, Alabama William H. Deyo William T. Deyo Charlotte Pipe & Foundry Co. Charlotte, North Carolina Frank Dowd Anniston Soil Pipe Co., Inc. Anniston, Alabama R.M. Blakely Clay Bailey Mfg. Co. Kansas City, Missouri George Clay Attalla Pipe & Foundry Co. Attalla, Alabama Joseph M. Franklin William B. Neal 50TH YEAR ANNIVERSARY 1949-1999 Combustion Engineering- Rich Mfg. Co. of California Superheater, Inc. Los Angeles, California Chattanooga, Tennessee J.W. Struve E.J. McFadden Ed Alt S.C. Northington A.J. Moses Rudisill Foundry Co. Anniston, Alabama Eastern Foundry Co. Frank T. Hamilton Boyetown, Pennsylvania Dean Helle George L. Harberger Lindsay Builder Earl H. Walt Russell Pipe & Foundry Co. East Penn Foundry Co. Alexander City, Alabama Macungie, Pennsylvania J.F. Weathers Howard M. Singmaster Sanitary Co. of America Emory Pipe & Foundry Co. Linfield, Pennsylvania Anniston, Alabama Harvey D. Ritter G.F. Shackelford William Davis Hajoca Corp. Somerville Iron Works Lansdale, Pennsylvania Somerville, New Jersey Deems W. Hallman David B. Shannon R.N. Hickey T.C. King Pipe & Foundry Co., Inc. Anniston, Alabama Tyler Pipe & Foundry Co. T.C. King Tyler, Texas Joseph King Mike Harvey A. Quinn Walker Foundry & Machine Co. Reading Foundry Co. Roanake, Virginia Reading, Pennsylvania William Hayes William M. Davies Williamstown Foundry Corp. Williamstown, New Jersey Walter Schaufler TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................... i INTRODUCTION................................................................... viii The Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute . viii CHAPTER I — CAST IRON SOIL PIPE HISTORY, USES AND PERFORMANCE................................................. 1 HISTORY OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE . 1 Early Production and Use in the United States . 2 Growth and Dispersion of Foundries, 1880-1890 . 2 Emergence of the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry . 4 USES OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE . 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR A SAFE AND DURABLE DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM . 5 Corrosion Resistance . 6 Expansive Soils . 7 Resistance to Abrasion . 7 CAST IRON SOIL PIPE JOINTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS . 7 Types of Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings . 8 Shielded Hubless Coupling . 8 The Compression Joint. 9 The Lead and Oakum Joint . 9 Soundproofing Qualities of Cast Iron with Rubber Gasket Joints. 9 ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE. 10 Performance . 10 Versatility . 10 Low-Cost Installation . 10 Product Availability . 10 CHAPTER II — THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS ............................................11 THE CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INDUSTRY. 11 Manufacturers of Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings . 11 PRODUCTION OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS . 11 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DISTRIBUTION OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS. 12 NUMBER OF OPERATING UNITS . 12 THE MANUFACTURING OF CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS . 12 Types of Iron . 12 The Modern Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Foundry . 12 Raw Materials and Melting Devices . 13 The Cupola Furnace for Melting Iron . 13 The Start of the Operation of the Cupola . 15 CASTING OF SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS . 16 Centrifugal Pipe Casting . 17 Sand-Lined Molds . 17 Metal Molds . 18 Casting Process. 18 STATIC CASTING OF FITTINGS . 18 Sand Casting. 18 Permanent Mold Casting . 23 Cleaning and Finishing Operations . 24 NEW TECHNOLOGY AND IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING METHODS . 29 The Melting Section . 29 The Casting Section . 29 PATTERNS FOR CAST IRON SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS. 29 Materials Handling Equipment . 30 POLLUTION EQUIPMENT . 30 Results of Technological Improvements . 31 CHAPTER III — TYPICAL CAST IRON SOIL PIPE LAYOUTS ...........................32 STORM DRAINAGE . 32 Building Sub-drains and Sub-soil Drains...............................................32 Roof Drains . ..