:RPHQ·V+LVWRU\*D]HWWH 2013 A Gazette From the National Women’s History Project Volume 5 Kh][aYd PHF>GL ABLMHKR Catalog Inside Dear Friends - Women Inspiring Innovation through Imagination, our 2013 Women's History Month theme, recognizes American women's outstanding contributions to the !elds of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We are proud to honor eighteen women whose pioneering work includes scienti!c breakthroughs, life-saving discoveries, invention of new technologies, creation of organizations, and the promotion of women and girls in STEM. Unfortunately, women remain largely underrepresented in many STEM professions and academic programs. In this gazette we highlight many organizations and programs working to promote women's and girls’ interest and participation in STEM. From engaging elementary students in STEM to !ghting pay discrimination, their efforts are actively working to change the face of STEM. We invite you to explore the many women who have made extraordinary contributions to the STEM !elds. We also encourage you to consider the ways in which you can promote women and girls in STEM. Thanks for your support. Molly Murphy MacGregor Executive Director and Cofounder National Women’s History Project What’s Inside: • 2013 NWHM Honorees • Women Nobel Science Laureates • STEM Organizations • Women’s History Resource Catalog • 2013 NWHM Nominees • NWHP Partners & Underwriters • March Parade National Women’s History Project NON-PROFIT 730 Second Street #469 ORG. Santa Rosa, CA 95402 U.S. POSTAGE PAID PERMIT NO. 585 SANTA ROSA,C A ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Women Inspiring&HOHEUDWLQJ:RPHQLQ6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DWKHPHWLFV&HOHEUDWLQJ:RPHQLQ6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DWKHPHWLFV Innovation Through Imagination 2013 National Women’s History Project 2H[OHYPUL)\YY)SVKNL[[ Dian Fossey (1932-1985) Grace Murray Hopper Louise Pearce (1885-1959) Susan Solomon (1956) +/'.+0'1( PM0WVWZMM[ZMXZM[MV\IZMUIZSIJTMZIVOMWN Primatologist and Naturalist (1906-1992) Physician and Pathologist Atmospheric Chemist (1898-1979) Susan Solomon is 1/'09#4&'& IKKWUXTQ[PUMV\[IVLI_QLMLQ^MZ[Q\aWN[XMKQIT\QM[ Physicist and Inventor For 18 years Dian Computer Scientist Louise Pearce was T the Ellen Swallow Katharine Blodgett Fossey studied, Grace Hopper a physician and QVKT]LQVOUMLQKQVMZWJW\QK[KWUX]\MZXZWOZIUUQVO Richards Professor 6*'1$'.4+<' was the !rst woman lived amongst, and was a pioneering pathologist with the of atmospheric I\UW[XPMZQK KPMUQ[\Za IZKPQ\MK\]ZM IVL XZQUI\WTWOa awarded a Ph.D. befriended the computer scientist Rockefeller Institute. +06*'%+'0%'5 chemistry and in Physics from gorillas of Rwanda. and Rear Admiral in Pearce worked on <PM[M _WUMV¼[ TQ^M[ IVL _WZS [XIV \PM KMV\]ZQM[ WN climate science the University of Fossey made many the United States the team that found )UMZQKIVPQ[\WZaIVLKWUMNZWULQNNMZMV\K]T\]ZITIVL at the Massachusetts Institute of Cambridge (1926) discoveries about Navy. Hopper joined a cure for African 0DULH&XULH±3K\VLFV Technology. Her groundbreaking M\PVQKJIKSOZW]VL[?MIZMXZW]L\WPWVWZ\PMUIVLITT and the !rst woman gorillas including understanding the Navy Reserve during World Sleeping Sickness (1919) and made research on chloro#uorocarbons research scientist for General gorilla vocalizations, gorilla group War II and worked as one of the a solo trip to the Belgian Congo _WUMV[MMSQVO\WIL^IVKM\PM[MQUXWZ\IV\ÅMTL[ (CFCs) as the cause of the Antarctic Electric’s Schenectady, New York hierarchies and social relationships, !rst programmers of the Harvard to test the new drug (1920). From 0DULH&XULH±&KHPLVWU\ ozone hole was part of the basis laboratory (1920). Blodgett received and gorilla diet and recycling of Mark 1 Computer. She later wrote 1923 until her retirement in 1951 of the international treaty that has ?MM`\MVLW]Z[QVKMZM\PIVS[\WW]Z[]XXWZ\MZ[_PW eight US patents, most famously for nutrition. Her book, Gorillas in the the !rst computer programming she researched susceptibility or e"ectively regulated damaging ,UqQH-ROLRW&XULH inventing low-re#ectance "invisible" Mist (1983) documented her intense compiler (1952) and conceptualized resistance to infection with Dr. Wade VWUQVI\MLW^MZW]\[\IVLQVO_WUMV<PM;MTMK\QWV chemicals. She is also a leader in &KHPLVWU\ glass. Her inventions and methods study of these animals and the need COBOL, one of the !rst modern Hampton Brown. Their discovery climate science, and is best known +WUUQ\\MMNIKMLI^MZaLQNÅK]T\\I[SQV have helped shape modern products to protect them from the constant programming languages (1954). of a transplantable rabbit tumor for seminal work showing that VIZZW_QVO\PMTQ[\\W ?MIT[W_IV\\W such as camera lenses, computer threat of poachers and neglect. Upon her retirement she was was studied in cancer laboratories *HUW\&RUL climate changes due to human screens, and eyeglasses. awarded the Defense Distinguished around the world. 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH KWVOZI\]TI\MIVLKMTMJZI\MITTWN\PM increases in carbon dioxide will last Service Medal, the highest non- Susan A. Gerbi (1944) for more than a thousand years. VW\IJTM_WUMV_PW_MZMVWUQVI\ML Edith Clarke (1883-1959) Molecular Cell Biologist combat award given by the Electrical Engineer Department of Defense. 0DULD*RHSSHUW0D\HU Susan A. Gerbi is the Jill Pipher (1955) 3K\VLFV Hattie Elizabeth Patricia Era Bath (1942) Edith Clarke was the George Eggleston Mathematician Flossie Wong-Staal (1946) Alexander Ophthalmologist and Inventor !rst woman to earn Professor of Olga Frances Linares Jill Pipher is Virologist and Molecular Patricia Bath’s invention of the an M.S. in electrical Biochemistry at Brown president of Biologist 'RURWK\&URZIRRW+RGJNLQ (1901-1968) Laserphaco Probe engineering from University, where her (1936) the Association Flossie Wong- &KHPLVWU\ Pediatrician and was an important the Massachusettes research team devised Anthropologist of Women in Staal is one of the Microbiologist milestone in the Institute of a method to map and Archaeologist Mathematics (2011), world’s foremost 5RVDO\Q<DORZ Hattie Alexander advent of laser Technology (1919) and the !rst the start site of DNA replication at Olga Linares is a and director of authorities in the 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH developed the !rst cataract surgery. woman professor of electrical the nucleotide level. Her current senior sta" scientist the Institute for Computational !eld of virology. e"ective remedies for Haemophilus engineering in the US (University research suggests that a steroid (emerita) at the and Experimental Research in Bath co-founded the Wong-Staal was a pioneering in#uenzae, reducing the mortality American Institute of Texas at Austin, 1947). Before hormone receptor may play a direct Smithsonian Tropical Mathematics (2011). The ICERM is a researcher of retroviruses and with teaching, Clarke worked much of her %DUEDUD0F&OLQWRFN rate from nearly 100% to less than for the Prevention of Blindness role for regulating the initiation Research Institute. Her work centers NSF funded mathematics institute her team deciphered the structure 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH career as an engineer for General 25%. Alexander was also among the (1976) committed to “protect, of DNA replication, with potential on the social organization and supporting cutting edge research of the HIV virus as the cause of Electric. She invented the Clarke !rst scientists to identify and study preserve, and restore the gift of signi!cance to understand the role agrarian practices of the Jola peoples on the intersections of mathematics AIDS. She was the !rst to clone and Calculator, a graphical device for antibiotic resistance, which she sight.” She broke ground for both of hormones in certain cancers. She living in the Casamance region of and computers. Pipher is a professor complete the genetic mapping of 5LWD/HYL0RQWDOFLQL solving power transmission line correctly concluded was caused by women and African Americans also studies eukaryotic ribosomes, Southern Senegal. Formerly, she also of Mathematics at Brown University HIV making it possible to develop 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH equations and is also well known for random genetic mutations in DNA. in medicine and ophthalmology, the cellular factories for protein did research on the archaeology and and has research interests in HIV tests. Wong-Staal continues authoring an in#uential textbook on In 1964, she became the !rst woman including being the !rst African synthesis. ethnography of Central America. harmonic analysis, partial di"erential her pioneering work in developing power engineering. *HUWUXGH%(OLRQ elected president of the American American woman doctor to receive equations, and cryptography. !rst-in-class therapeutics against 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH Pediatric Society. a patent for a medical purpose. Helen Greiner (1967) Hepatitis C virus. Rita R. Colwell (1934) Julia Morgan (1872-1957) Mechanical Engineer and Architect Mary G. Ross Marlyn Barrett (1954) Molecular Microbial Ecologist &KULVWLDQH1VVOHLQ9ROKDUG Roboticist Julia Morgan was K-12 STEM Educator and Scienti!c Administrator (1908-2008) 3K\VLRORJ\RU0HGLFLQH Elizabeth Blackwell Helen Greiner is the !rst woman Marlyn Barrett is Rita Colwell, Ph.D., Mechanical Engineer co-founder and admitted to the ,I,KDGLQÀXHQFH a coordinator of (1821-1910) Physician served as the !rst Mary Ross was former President/ architecture ZLWKWKHJRRGIDLU\ /LQGD%%XFN science instruction Elizabeth Blackwell woman Director of the !rst woman the National Science Chairman of iRobot