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UMI University Microfilms international A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9011226 The effects of task order and function pattern on learning harmonic dictation Murphy, Barbara Ann, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 Copyright ©1989 by Miu-phy, Barbara Ann. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 THE EFFECTS OF TASK ORDER AND FUNCTION PATTERN ON LEARNING HARMONIC DICTATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosphy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Barbara A. Muiphy, B.M., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1989 Dissertation Committee Approved by Burdette L. Green Ann K. Blombach A. Peter Costanza Adviser School of Music Copyright by Barbara Ann Murphy 1989 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those students who participated in this study and their theory instructors for their assistance. To the Department of Statistics at The Ohio State University, I would like to express my gratitude for their assistance. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. William Notz and Mr. Panickos Palettas for their assistance in the design of this study. I would also like to thank graduate students Ms. Jane Chang and Mr. S T. Wang for their help with the analysis of the data. I would like to thank Dr. James Talley for his help with the programming of the computer-assisted instructional programs and with his help in uploading of the data from Experiment 1. 1 wish to extend my appreciation to the members of my reading committee. Dr. Ann Blombach and Dr. Peter Costanza, for their critical comments and suggestions which led to greater clarity and organization in this study. To my advisor. Dr. Burdette Green, 1 am particularly indebted for all his assistance and encouragement in the design and implementation of this study. 1 am grateful ii for his comments, suggestions, extreme patience and helpfulness in arranging meetings during the writing of this thesis. The Ohio State University School of Music and Youngstown State University Computer Center provided the use of their computers and facilities. Ill VITA July 11,1956 Bom - Youngstown, Ohio 1978 ................................................. B.M. Youngstown State University Youngstown, Ohio 1980 .............................................................. M.A. The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1982-1985 Systems Analyst/Programmer Goal Systems International, Inc. Columbus, Ohio 1985-1986 Systems Analyst, OCLC, Inc., Dublin, Ohio 1986-1987 Manager, CBT Goal Systems Australia, Pty. Ltd. Sydney, Australia 1987-present Adjunct Instructor Dana School of Music Youngstown State University Youngstown, Ohio IV PUBLICATIONS "Computerized Degree Audit at YSU," YSU/Online 16/2 (Winter 1988). "Choosing the Right Training Method," Australian Computing October 1986, 66-67. "Evaluation of Three Types of Instructional Strategies for Learner Acquisition of Intervals," with James Canelos, Ann K. Blombach and William Heck, Journal of Research in Music Education 28/4 (Winter 1980), 243-249. HELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Theory TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. ii VITA ............................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................ viii LIST OF HGURES..................................................................................................x PREFACE ............. '..............................................................................................xii CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1 Rationale .................................................................................................1 Survey of Previous Studies, Methods and Programs ............................ 3 n. EXPERIMENT 1: MATERIALS AND METHOD...............................18 Statistical M ethod .................................................................................18 Subjects.................................................................................................19 Computer Program ............................................................................... 20 Procedure ...............................................................................................40 m. EXPERIMENT 1: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS..............................42 Results ................................................................................................42 Discussion ............................................................................................ 74 VI IV. EXPERIMENT 2: MATERIALS AND METHOD............................. 80 Statistical D esign .................................................................................81 Subjects................................................................................................ 83 Computer Program ...............................................................................84 Procedure .............................................................................................. 94 V. EXPERIMENT 2: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS .................................. 96 Results ...................................................................... 96 Discussion .......................................................................................... 141 VI. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................. 150 Summary.............................................................................................160 APPENDICES A. Progressions Used in Experiment .1.................................................... 162 B. Macintosh Terminology ...................................................................171 C. Forms Used in Experiment 1 .... .......................................................175 D. Progressions Used in Experiment 2 ................................................181 E. Forms Used in Experiment 2 ..............................................................194 F. Results of Student Survey used in Experiment 2 .............................. 212 LIST OF REFERENCES....................................................................................203 YU LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Number of Progressions Completed by Each Student ..................... 44 2. Frequency of Task Order Presentations ......................................... 47 3. Ranking for Orders by Mean Scores on Roman Numeral and Position Identifications .................................................................... 48 4. Progressions Ranked by Means ....................................................61 5. Progressions Ranked by Means with Spacing M arked .....................63 6. Number of Correct and Incorrect Chord Identifications by Progression ..............................................................................65 7. Number of Correct and Incorrect Identifications by Chord ......................................................................................... 69 8. Chord Confusions: Experiment 1 .............................................. 71 9. Frequent Chord Confusions: Experiment 1.........................................73 10. 6X6 Latin Square Design for Experiment 2 ...................................... 82 11. General Linear Models Procedure for Total Score ............................. 99 12. General Linear Models Procedure for Total Score: Students Classified by Gender .........................................................103 13. General Linear Models Procedure for Total Score YSU Students Classified by Gender ................................................104 V lll 14. General Linear Models Procedure for Total Score OSU Students Classified by Gender .................................................105