UNION WITH CHRIST Luther and the Reformation Vol. 3, No. 1 / April 2017 3, No. Vol. Westminster International Theological Reformed Seminary Evangelical Philadelphia Seminary uniocc.com Vol. 3, No. 1 / April 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFORMED THEOLOGY AND LIFE Editorial Board Members Africa Flip Buys, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Henk Stoker, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Philip Tachin, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria Cephas Tushima, ECWA Theological Seminary, Jos, Nigeria Asia In-Sub Ahn, Chong Shin University and Seminary, Seoul, Korea UNION WITH CHRIST Wilson W. Chow, China Graduate School of Theology, Hong Kong Matthew Ebenezer, Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Dehra Dun, India Editorial Committee and Staff Benyamin F. Intan, International Reformed Evangelical Seminary, Jakarta, Indonesia Editor in Chief: Paul Wells Kevin Woongsan Kang, Chongshin Theological Seminary, Seoul, Korea Senior Editors: Peter A. Lillback and Benyamin F. Intan In Whan Kim, Daeshin University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea Managing Editor: Bernard Aubert Billy Kristanto, International Reformed Evangelical Seminary, Jakarta, Indonesia Associate Editor: Jeffrey K. Jue Jong Yun Lee, Academia Christiana of Korea, Seoul, Korea Book Review Editor: Brandon D. Crowe Sang Gyoo Lee, Kosin University, Busan, Korea Subscription Managers: Audy Santoso and Andrew Colpitts Deok Kyo Oh, Ulaanbaatar University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Assistant: Lauren Beining Moses Wong, China Reformed Theological Seminary, Taipei, Taiwan Copy Editor: Henry Whitney Typesetter: Janice Van Eck Australia Allan M. Harman, Presbyterian Theological College, Victoria, Australia Mission Statement Peter Hastie, Presbyterian Theological College, Victoria, Australia Mark D. Thompson, Moore Theological College, Newtown, Australia Unio cum Christo celebrates and encourages the visible union believers possess in Christ when they confess the faith of the one holy catholic and apostolic Europe church, the body of Christ. Thus, its mission is (1) to be an international scholarly Henri Blocher, Faculté Libre de Théologie Évangélique, Vaux-sur-Seine, France and practical journal for the global Reformed community—churches, Leonardo De Chirico, Istituto di Formazione Evangelica e Documentazione, seminaries, theologians, and pastors; (2) to encourage deeper fellowship, Padova, Italy understanding, and growth in faith, hope, and love in the Reformed community David Estrada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain at large; and (3) to support small and isolated Reformed witnesses in minority Ian Hamilton, Cambridge Presbyterian Church, Cambridge, UK missional situations. It will seek to do so by the publication and dissemination Roel Kuiper, Kampen Theological University, Kampen, Netherlands of scholarly contributions of a biblical, theological, and practical nature by José de Segovia, Iglesia Reformada de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Reformed leaders world-wide—including leading theologians, developing Herman J. Selderhuis, Apeldoorn Theological University, Apeldoorn, Netherlands scholars, practicing missionaries, pastors, and evangelists. Henk van den Belt, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Paul Wells, Faculté Jean Calvin, Aix-en-Provence, France Articles, interviews, and book reviews will consistently be in line with biblically North America based Reformed confessional orthodoxy and orthopraxis. Submitted or Greg Beale, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, USA solicited contributions for its biannual issues will focus on specific themes Joel R. Beeke, Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary, Grand Rapids, USA of importance to the Reformed tradition and present debate. Gerald L. Bray, Samford University, Birmingham, USA William Edgar, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, USA The opinions expressed in this journal represent the views only of the Richard B. Gaffin Jr., Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, USA individual contributors; they do not reflect the views of the editors, Peter A. Lillback, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, USA of Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, or the International David (Eung-Yul) Ryoo, Centreville, USA, formerly of Chongshin Seminary, Reformed Evangelical Seminary, Jakarta. Seoul, Korea Carl R. Trueman, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, USA ISSN 2380-5412 (print) Jason Van Vliet, Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary, Hamilton, Canada ISSN 2473-8476 (online) Jason Hing Kau Yeung, Ambrose University, Calgary, Canada Copyright © 2017 International Reformed Evangelical Seminary and Westminster Jason Zuidema, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada Theological Seminary. All rights reserved. Unio cum Christo® is a registered trademark of Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia. South America Davi Gomes, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil Printed in the United States of America and Indonesia Mauro Meister, Andrew Jumper Graduate Center, São Paulo, Brazil INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFORMED THEOLOGY AND LIFE UNION WITH CHRIST Vol. 3, No. 1 / April 2017 Luther and the Reformation Published jointly by Westminster International Theological Reformed Seminary Evangelical Philadelphia, Seminary Pennsylvania, Jakarta, uniocc.com USA Indonesia [email protected] Submissions For questions regarding submission of articles, contact Paul Wells at [email protected] or Bernard Aubert at [email protected]. Guidelines of style can be found at our website: uniocc.com. Subscriptions Annual subscription rates are $35.00 for institutions, $25.00 for individ- uals, and $20.00 for students. Single issues may be purchased at $14.00 per copy. Inquiries concerning subscription and orders should be sent to [email protected]. ISSN 2380-5412 (print) ISSN 2473-8476 (online) Copyright © 2017 International Reformed Evangelical Seminary and Westminster Theological Seminary. All rights reserved. Unio cum Christo® is a registered trademark of Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia. Printed in the United States of America and Indonesia CONTENTS Luther and the Reformation 5 Editorial: Sacred Violence and Justification /PAUL WELLS REFORMATION THEN AND NOW 13 The Five Solas of the Reformation: Then and Now / GARRY J. WILLIAMS 35 What Has Mussolini to Do with Hus? / CARL R. TRUEMAN 47 Bound, Freed, Freed to Be Bound: The Wittenberg Understanding of Justification /ROBERT KOLB LUTHER IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 65 Luther and Erasmus: The Central Confrontation of the Reformation / JEAN-MARC BERTHOUD 83 An Introduction to Luther, Calvin, and Their Protestant Reformations / PETER A. LILLBACK 109 Luther and the Spanish Reformers / FRANCES LUTTIKHUIZEN 127 “The Glorious Work of the Reformation”: Andrew Fuller and the Imitation of Martin Luther / MICHAEL A. G. HAYKIN LUTHER, SOCIETY, AND THE CHURCH 139 Luther and the Turks / HANS SCHWARZ 153 Luther and the Reform of Marriage and Family Life / YOUNGCHUN CHO 171 The Priesthood of All Believers in Africa / CONRAD MBEWE 3 4 UNIO CUM CHRISTO ›› UNIOCC.COM CONTEMPORARY ISSUES 183 Do Judaism, Islam, and Christianity Worship the Same God? A Reformed Theological Perspective / PHILIP TACHIN 201 Transhumanism: Anthropological Challenge of the Twenty-First Century / YANNICK IMBERT 219 The Black Church’s Response to the Racialization of Abortion in America / EMMITT CORNELIUS JR. REVIEW ARTICLE 235 A Review and Evaluation of J. Richard Middleton, A New Heaven and a New Earth / G. K. BEALE INTERVIEW 249 Interview with Dr. William Edgar / PETER A. LILLBACK BOOK REVIEWS 265 Thomas R. Schreiner. Faith Alone—The Doctrine of Justification: What the Reformers Taught … and Why It Still Matters / BRANDON D. CROWE 267 Scott H. Hendrix. Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer / MARTIN LOHRMANN 270 Larry Siedentop. Inventing the Individual: The Origins of Western Liberalism / PAUL WELLS 273 Brad S. Gregory. The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society / PAUL WELLS 276 Andrew T. B. McGowan. Adam, Christ and Covenant: Exploring Headship Theology / HARRISON PERKINS 279 Sinclair B. Ferguson. The Whole Christ: Legalism, Antinomianism, and Gospel Assurance—Why the Marrow Controversy Still Matters / ANDREW T. B. MCGOWAN 283 Contributors EDITORIAL Sacred Violence and Justification PAUL WELLS oth the formal and material principles of Luther’s Reforma- tion, Scripture alone and faith alone in the justifying effect of Christ’s sacrifice, raise criticisms from modern people, as sev- eral articles in this issue of Unio cum Christo illustrate. Justifi- cation involves Christ dying for us in a substitutionary sacrifice Bin order to establish the justice of God on our behalf. The glorious transfer implies a certain violence, not one done to us, since by faith we willingly believe, but a violence done to God’s own Son, who suffers for our trans- gressions in order that we go free—unjustly, according to the gainsayers. One of the major objections to Christian faith on the part of humanists, apart from the claim that all religions are alike and ultimately cancel each other out, is that religions cause insoluble conflict between peoples, nations, confessions, and individuals. Religious violence is an exponential aspect of the problem of evil, the reef on which apologetics often comes to grief. The average punter in the street latches on to this like iron filings to a magnet: look at the religious conflicts in our world today, or look back at the wars of religion and the Inquisition in a hazy past. Why do religions engender