European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine JOINT REPORT Irregular Migration and Traffi cking in Human Beings at the Moldova-Ukraine border 2015 Ministry of Internal Aff airs Ministry of Internal Aff airs Ministry of Internal Aff airs of the Republic of Moldova of the Republic of Moldova of the Republic of Moldova Bureau for Migration and Asylum Border Police Department General Police Inspectorate State Border Guard Ministry of Internal Security Service Service of Ukraine Aff airs of Ukraine of Ukraine State Migration Service International Organization European Agency for the Management of of Ukraine for Migration Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union EUROPEAN UNION BORDER ASSISTANCE MISSION TO MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by EUBAM with contributions from: the Ministry of Internal Aff airs of the Republic of Moldova (Border Police Department, Bureau for Migration and Asylum and the Centre for Combating Traffi cking in Persons of the General Police Inspectorate), the State Border Guard Service, State Migration Service, the Security Service and the Ministry of Internal Aff airs of Ukraine; the Missions of the International Organization for Migration in Moldova and Ukraine, and Frontex. Their assistance in developing this product is acknowledged with gratitude. DISCLAIMER This report is a working document produced with the assistance of EUBAM. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of its contributors and can in no way be taken to refl ect the views of the European Union. 1 EUROPEAN UNION BORDER ASSISTANCE MISSION TO MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................................................................3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................4 2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................................5 2.2 EU Eastern Context on Irregular Migration and THB .......................................................................5 2.2.1 Illegal border crossings ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 Abuse of legal entry .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 The irregular migration of Moldovan and Ukrainian citizens to the EU........................................................... 7 2.2.4 THB to the EU ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND THB IN MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE ...........................................8 3.1 Moldova...........................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.1 Statistical data and situation overview ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1.2 Progress in development of the policy, regulatory framework and their implementation for preventing and fi ghting irregular migration and THB ....................................................10 3.2 Ukraine ............................................................................................................................................................12 3.2.1 Statistical data and situation overview ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.2 Progress in development of the policy, regulatory framework and their implementation for preventing and fi ghting irregular migration and THB ....................................................14 4. IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND THB AT THE MOLDOVA-UKRAINE BORDER .........................17 4.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................................17 4.2 Illegal border crossings ..............................................................................................................................18 4.2.1 Illegal border crossings at BCPs ............................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 Document fraud .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 4.2.3 Illegal border brossings between BCPs ............................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.4 Flows of irregular migration and THB ................................................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Combating facilitated irregular migration and THB ........................................................................20 4.3.1 Combating irregular migration .................................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3.2 Combating THB ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Risk assessment, trends and forecast ..................................................................................................26 4.4.1 Irregular migration ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 4.4.2 THB ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 5. EUBAM SUPPORT ...............................................................................................................................30 5.1 Analytical support ........................................................................................................................................30 5.2 Risk analysis .................................................................................................................................................31 5.3 Joint operations and investigations on irregular migration and THB .........................................31 5.4 Support at local level ..................................................................................................................................32 Annex 1. Amendments to the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine in 2014 ...............33 Annex 2 Statistics and Maps ...............................................................................................................43 2 ABBREVIATIONS ARC Autonomous Republic of Crimea BCP Border Crossing Point BG Border Guard BMA Bureau for Migration and Asylum CBSAR Common Border Security Assessment Report CCTP Center for Combating Traffi cking in Persons CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EC European Commission EU European Union Europol European Police Offi ce EUBAM European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Frontex Borders of the Member States of the European Union GPI General Police Inspectorate GRETA Council of Europe’s Group of Experts on Action against Traffi cking in Human Beings IBM Integrated Border Management IDP Internally Displaced Person IOM International Organization for Migration JBCO Joint Border Control Operation JOBCP Jointly Operated Border Crossing Point LEA Law Enforcement Agency MAC Migrant Accommodation Centre MD Republic of Moldova MDBP Border Police Department of the Republic of Moldova MoIA Ministry of Internal Aff airs NGO Non-Governmental Organization National Referral System/Mechanism for the Protection and Assistance of Victims NRS/NRM and Potential Victims of Traffi cking in Human Beings OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OCHA United Nations Offi ce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aff airs RF Russian Federation SELEC Southeast European Law Enforcement Centre SMS State Migration Service of Ukraine SSUA Security Service of Ukraine TAC Temporary Accommodation Centre THB Traffi cking in Human Beings UAE United Arab Emirates UASBGS State Border Guard Service of Ukraine VIS Visa Information System VLAP Visa Liberalisation Action Plan VoT Victim of Traffi cking 3 EUROPEAN UNION BORDER ASSISTANCE MISSION TO MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Various factors maintain the expectation of irregular migration of both CIS and non-CIS The present ‘Report on Irregular Migration and nationals from Afghanistan, Georgia, Syria, Iraq Traffi cking in Human Beings at the Moldova- etc., in transit via